What Does Brexit Mean For Scotland?

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HUMZA YOUSAF: The terror-linked Muslim radical behind the Scottish Independence movement

As Scotland votes on independence (defeated), in a campaign led by Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond and a coterie of advisors, few can claim more influence than Muslim member of the Scottish Parliament Humza Yousaf.

Breitbart  (h/t Hanna) Yousaf was recently described by the BBC’s Andrew Neil as “the power behind Alex Salmond”. But how much do we know about the 29-year-old chalked up to be an independent Scotland’s Foreign Secretary and perhaps even Prime Minister.

But Yousaf was willing to go further than his contemporaries to get what he wanted. The Guardian reports he joined a human blockade of the Charing Cross exit of the M8 motorway. In 2012 he described his experiences: “We had our two hours, freezing our arses off. And that was it: I was hooked.”

Initially he was attracted to the Scottish National Party’s opposition to the War on Terror, but he also became interested in its socialist views. Like many in the party he sees leaving the United Kingdom as a good way to push a much more left-wing pro-Islam agenda in Scotland.

Prior to his election to the Scottish Parliament in 2011, Yousaf had been a media spokesman for Islamic Relief (see below), a charity that has been accused on a number of occasions of being a front group for radical Islamism. Yousaf was a volunteer for Islamic Relief since the age of 10.

Yousaf was also heavily involved in a community radio station for over a decade and helped organise food parcels for asylum seekers.  After just one year in the Scottish Parliament, he was appointed Minister for External Affairs and International Development, equivalent to Foreign Secretary. This senior role is bound to make him a genuine contender for Prime Minister once Alex Salmond steps out of the way. This would make him the first Muslim head of government in Europe since the Crusades.

But his rise to the top has not been without its hiccups. He was also embroiled in a financial scandal after his cousin Osama Saeed – a former Muslim Brotherhood spokesman – was awarded £400,000 for a Muslim festival entitled “IslamExpo”.  Furthermore, the Scottish Herald reported on what became known as a “lunchgate” scandal, where Saeed and Yousaf collaborated to fundraise on the back of cash for access. “The auctioneer was Humza Yousaf, who works for both Salmond and Sturgeon at Holyrood. “Yousaf’s patter was wasn’t subtle. The link between cash, parliament and the ministers’ time was explicit.”

It is unclear what Saeed’s group, the Scottish Islamic Foundation, is doing now but in the past it has been accused of having extremist links. When they met with the British government they took Mohammed Sawalha – the subject of a BBC Panorama expose into Islamist terrorist group Hamas – with them. “The two men travelled to Sawalha’s home. His visitor’s name was Mohammed Salah. Salah’s mission was to distribute funds. Sawalha told him who to meet in the Palestinian territories…. With Sawalha’s agreement Salah began distributing about a quarter of a million dollars to local Hamas operatives. “

Yousaf is happily married to Gail Lythgoe, a red-headed Muslim convert. He recently called for Scotland to take in Palestinian refugees, and urged a full arms embargo of the State of Israel.

NOT JUST IN SCOTLAND: Islamic radicals target spain independence parties

Islamic Relief Worldwide, a British charity accused of links to terrorism, was presented with £398,000 of the taxpayers’ money by the Scottish Government last year, as part of its £9 million International Development Fund.

The funding was announced by Scottish politician Humza Yousaf, formerly the Media spokesperson for Islamic Relief Worldwide, and currently a Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament and Minister for External Affairs and International Development. This grant comes in addition to the European Union’s grant of €22 million provided to Islamic Relief Worldwide between 2007 and 2011.

In November 2012, the Swiss Bank UBS closed the account of, and blocked all donations to, Islamic Relief due to “counter-terror concerns.”

…………………………….

A considerable number of Islamic Relief officials are also connected to extremist groups:

• Ibrahim El-Zayat, a trustee of Islamic Relief, is a leader in both the European and the German Muslim Brotherhood, an extremist Islamist organization with branches all around the world.
• Dr. Ahmed Al-Rawi, the former head of the Federation of Islamic Organizations in Europe (FIOE) and the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB), was also previously a director of Islamic Relief. FIOE is a leading advocate of jihadist Egyptian scholar, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi.
• Issam Al-Bashir, a former Director of Islamic Relief, is the former Minister of Religious Affairs in the Sudan and has held many positions associated with the global Muslim Brotherhood.
• Dr. Hani Al-Banna, the co-founder of Islamic Relief Worldwide, was formerly affiliated with Muslim Aid, a London-based Islamic “charity” which was previously a “partner organization” of the Al-Salah Islamic Association. The US Government has officially designated Al Salah a terrorist entity.

READ MORE ABOUT ISLAMIC RELIEF HERE

List of active separatist movements in Europe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map of active separatist movements in Europe. Red names indicate regions with movements that only claim greater autonomy within the actual state. Black names indicate regions with important secessionist movements, although both categories include moderate movements. The nations highlighted in colors are the territories claimed by the local nationalist groups, including areas out of the state’s borders and cases of annexation to other states (click to enlarge).

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy.

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members;
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations);
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group(s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed.

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Albania

Northern Epirus

• Ethnic group: Greeks in Albania
  • Political parties: Omonoia, Unity for Human Rights Party (seeks autonomous status or union with Greece)

Azerbaijan

• Lezgistan
  • Proposed state: Lezgistan^[7]
• Nagorno-Karabakh
  • De facto state:  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic^[8]
  • Government-in-exile:  Azerbaijan — Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh^[9]
• Talysh-Mughan
  • Proposed autonomous area: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic^[10] (comprises Astara District, Lankaran District, Lankaran (city), Lerik District, Masally District and Yardymli District)

Belgium

Further information: Partition of Belgium

 Brussels-Capital Region

• Ethnic group: Walloon,
  • Political parties (seeking a union with France): Rassemblement Bruxelles-France
• Ethnic group: Flemish
  • Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders): Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie(member of the European Free Alliance), and Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group

 Flemish Region or the Flemish Community (the latter includes Brussels)

• Ethnic group: Flemish
  • Proposed state:  Flanders (There is minority support to include  The Netherlands; see Greater Netherlands)
  • Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Flemish Interest
  • Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen

German-speaking Community of Belgium

• Ethnic group: German
  • Political parties: Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier (member of the European Free Alliance)

 Walloon Region

• Ethnic group: Walloon
  • Proposed state:  Wallonia or  France
  • Political parties: Walloon Rally, Wallonia France Rally

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Republika Srpska

• Ethnic group: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Republika Srpska or merging into  Serbia
    • Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party^[11]

 Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

• Ethnic group: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia or  Croatia
    • Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union

Croatia

Istria

• Ethnic group: Istrian Italians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Istria
  • Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum

Rijeka

• • Political party: List for Fiume (EFA member)^[12]
  • Proposed autonomous area: Fiume

Cyprus

Breakaway state:

 Northern Cyprus

• Ethnic group: Turkish Cypriot
  • De facto state with partial de jure recognition:  TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Czech Republic

 Moravia

• Ethnic group: Moravian
  • Political parties: Moravané (EFA member)^[13]

Czech Silesia

• Ethnic group: Silesian
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement (EFA member)^[14]

Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Bornholm

• Ethnic group: Danish
  • Proposed autonomous region: Bornholm
  • Political party: Bornholm’s Self-Government Party (Bornholms Selvstyre parti)

 Faroe Islands

• Ethnic group: Faroese
  • Proposed state:  Faroe Islands
    • Movement: Faroese independence movement
    • Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People’s Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party

Finland

 Åland

• Ethnic group: Åland Swedes
  • Proposed state:  Åland
    • Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)

Sápmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

France

Some of the claimed nations and/or regions – 1. Brittany, 2. France proper (excluding Wallonia), 3. Occitania, 4.Lorraine which is sometimes part of France proper, 5. Alsace, 6. Basque Country, 7. Catalonia and 8. Corsica.

Secessionist movements

• Basque Country
  Further information: Basque nationalism
  • Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Parti Nationaliste Basque.
  • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth Advocacy groups: Egi, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
  • Militant organisation: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA, Irrintzi
  • Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)^[18][19][20]
•  Brittany
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League
  • Political party: Adsav, Breton Party, Emgann
  • Militant organisation: Breton Revolutionary Army (ARB), Breton Liberation Front (FLB)
  • Proposed state: Brittany
• Northern Catalonia
  Further information: Catalan independence
  • Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (EFA member), Catalan Unity (EFA member), Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya
  • Proposed state: Països Catalans
•  Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
  • Political party: Corsica Libera
  • Militant organisation: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  • Proposed state:  Corsica
•  Savoy
  • Political party: Savoyan League
  • Proposed state: Savoy
•  Occitania
  • Proposed state: Federal Republic of Occitania
  • Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana

Gradual and eventual secession

•  Brittany
  • Political party: Breton Party

Autonomist movements

•  Alsace
  • Political party: Alsace d’Abord, Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land
•  Brittany
  • Political party: Union Démocratique Bretonne (EFA member),
•  Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
  • Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
  • Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
• County of Nice
  • Political party: Partit Nissart^[21]
•  Normandy
  • Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
  • Proposed region: Normandy (to merge the two regions of Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy opposed by Norman activists)^{[clarification needed]}.
•  Savoy
  • Political party: Savoy Region Movement
•  Occitania
  • Political party: Partit Occitan (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra

Georgia

Breakaway states:

Abkhazia

• Ethnic group: Abkhaz
  • De facto state with partial de jure recognition:  Republic of Abkhazia
  • Political organisation:Government of Abkhazia
  • Militant organization: Abkhazia Army

 South Ossetia

• Ethnic group: Ossetians
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition:Republic of South Ossetia
  • Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
  • Militant organization: South Ossetia Army

Proposed autonomous movements:

Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti

• Ethnic group: Armenians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk
  • Advocacy groups: Javakhk, United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, Virk^[22][23]

Borchali Azerbaijanis

• Ethnic group: Azerbaijanis
  • Proposed autonomous area: Borchali

Germany

Bavaria

• Ethnic group: Bavarians
  • Proposed state: Bavaria
  • Political party: Bavaria Party

East Frisia

• Ethnic group: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous area: East Frisia
  • Political party: Die Friesen

Franconia

• Ethnic group: Franconians
  • Proposed autonomous region: Franconia

Lusatia

• Ethnic group: Sorbs
• Proposed autonomous region: Lusatian
  • Political party: Lusatian Alliance

Schleswig-Holstein

• Ethnic group: Danish, Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous region: South Schleswig
  • Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation

Italy

Sardinia

• Status: autonomous region
• Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia or Socialist Republic of Sardinia
• Movement: Sardinian nationalism
• Political parties: Sardinia Nation, Sardinian Action Party, Independence Republic of Sardinia, Project Republic of Sardinia, To the Left for Independence, Sardinian National Liberation Movement

South Tyrol

• Status: autonomous province
• Proposed state: Free State of South Tyrol or  Austria
• Movement: South Tyrolean secessionist movement
• Political parties: Citizens’ Union for South Tyrol, Die Freiheitlichen, South Tyrolean Freedom (EFA member)^[25]
• Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (defunct)

Veneto

• Proposed state: Veneta Republic
• Movement: Venetian nationalism
• Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Veneto State, Venetian Independence, Venetian People’s Unity, Party for Independent Veneto
• Political organisations: Venetian Most Serene Government, Venetians Movement, Independentist Youth, Venetian National Liberation Movement

Kosovo

See: International recognition of Kosovo

North Kosovo

• Ethnic group: Serbian
  • Proposed states: Reunification with  Serbia
  • De facto autonomous area Northern Kosovo
  • Political organisation: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

Latvia

Latgale

• Ethnic group: Latgalians, Russian
  • Proposed autonomous region: Latgale
  • Political party: Linderman’s party “Par dzimto valodu”

 Moldova

Breakaway state:

 Transnistria

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition  Transnistria
  • Proposed state: Possible unification with  Russian Federation
  • Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
  • Militant organization: Army of Transnistria

Proposed independent and autonomous movements:

 Gagauzia

• Ethnic group: Gagauz
  • Proposed state:  Gagauzia
  • Political organisation: Gagauzian People Assembly should Moldova decided to unite with Romania, Gagauzia would have the right to self- determination.

Taraclia^[26]

• Ethnic group: Bulgarians
  • Proposed autonomous region: Taraclia

Netherlands

Frisia

• Ethnic group: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous region: Frisia
    • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
    • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland^[27]

Norway

 Sápmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

Kvenland

• Ethnic group: Kven
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kvenland
  • Advocacy groups: Norwegian Kven Organization

Poland

Upper Silesia

• Ethnic group: Silesian
  • Proposed State: Germany
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement^[14]

Kashubia

• Ethnic group: Kashubians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
  • An association of people: Kaszëbskô Jednota who want to actively participate in the life of the Kashubian nation and who recognize its right to cultural autonomy and self-identity within the multi-ethnic society.

Romania

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Romania

Székely Land, Transylvania, Banat, Partium

• Ethnic group: Hungarians (Szeklers)
  • Proposed autonomous region: Székely Land: Székely autonomy initiatives
  • Proposed autonomous regions: Transylvania, Partium, Dobruja, Banat
  • Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.^[31] Hungarian Civic Party (Romania), they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.^[32] Hungarian People’s Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Szekler autonomy in Szekely Land.^[33] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.^[34][35] Liga Transilvania-Banat, a regionalist party led by Sabin Gherman.^[36]
  • Advocacy organizations:

Szekler National Council,^[37] Hungarian National Council of Transylvania, Liga Pro Europa, a Romanian-Hungarian regionalist NGO.,^[36] Provincia, a group of intellectuals promoting regionalization of Romania,^[36] Autonomy for Transylvania (AFT) campaign, it demands autonomy for Transylvania.^[38] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), a regionalist NGO,^[39] an active supporter of the “Autonomy for Transylvania” campaign,^[40] League of Banat (Liga Banateana), a regionalist NGO.^[41][42]

Russia

Russia’s North Caucasus

See also: Insurgency in the North Caucasus

•  Chechnya
  • Militant organisation: Chechen separatists; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov, the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy,^[43] criticising Russian attempts to make a “North Caucasus” district^[43] and inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev.^[44]
  • Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–99)
•  Dagestan
•  Ingushetia
• Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia
  • Political party: Majlis Shoura
  • Militant organization: Caucasian Front
  • Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in 1917–19, North Caucasian Emirate in 1919–20and Ichkeria)
• Circassia
  • Movement: Circassian nationalism; Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
  • Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai)
• Karachay-Balkaria (Balkar and Karachay peoples)
  • Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia
  • Goals: Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the Karachay and Balkaria, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)
  • Proposed state: Karachay-Balkar Republic (includes south Kabardino-Balkaria and south Karachey-Cherkessia)
• Abazinia in central-north Karachay–Cherkessia
  • Proposed state: Abazin Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)
• Kumykia in north Dagestan
  • Movement: Tenglik (since 1989)
  • Proposed state: Kumyk Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)

Russia’s other European regions[edit]

• Tatarstan
  • Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
  • Movement: Tatar Youth Union “Azatlyk”
  • Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
• Udmurtia
  • Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Chuvashia
  • Movement: Chuvash Youth Union
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Mari El
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Mordovia
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Bashkortostan
  • Movement: Bashkir social movement “Kuk bure”
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Komi Republic
  • Proposed state: Komi Republic
• Karelia
  • Proposed state: East Karelia or reunification with North Karelia and South Karelia and the formation of united Karelia or Finland
• Kalmykia
  • Proposed state: Kalmykia
• Ingria
  • Proposed state: Ingria (comprises Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast)^{[citation needed]}
• Voronezh Oblast, southern districts
  • Movement: pan-Ukrainian irredentism
• Rostov Oblast
  • Movement: Don Cossacks of Don Host Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Don Republic (proclaimed in 1918 and in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• Krasnodar Krai (Kuban)
  • Movement: Kuban Cossacks of Kuban Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Kuban People’s Republic (proclaimed in 1918), Kuban Republic (attempted to proclaim in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russiain Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• North Caucasus near Terek
  • Movement: Terek Cossacks of Terek Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Upper Kuban Cossack Republic (proclaimed in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• Prussia
  • Proposed state: Prussia (comprises Kaliningrad Oblast and Various Areas In Northern Poland)
  • Political parties Baltic Republican Party^[45]

Serbia

Vojvodina

• Ethnic group: Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
  • Proposed autonomous region: Vojvodina
  • Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Reformists of Vojvodina, Vojvodina’s Party

Sandžak

• Ethnic group: Bosniaks of Serbia
  • Proposed state: Sandžak
  • Advocacy groups: Islamic Community in Serbia^[46]

Preševo Valley

• Ethnic group: Albanians in south Serbia
  • Proposed state: Presevo Valley
  • Political parties: Democratic Progress Party^[47]

Breakaway state:

Republic of Kosovo

• Ethnic group: Albanians in Kosovo
  • De facto state with partial de jure international recognition
  • Political organisation: Government of Kosovo

Slovakia

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Slovakia

Autonomist movements:

• Political parties: Party of the Hungarian Community,^[48] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.^[49]
  • Goals: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.^[50]

Spain

See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain and Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain

Areas in Spain with separatist movements.

The disputed territory of Olivenza.

 Canary Islands (Main article: Canarian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Canarians
• Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
• Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo,
• Youth movement: Azarug
• Proposed state: Canary Islands (sometimes also Western Sahara and Tamazgha)

 Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Andalusian
• Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
• Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
• Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
• Proposed state: Andalusia

 Aragon

• Ethnic group: Aragonese
• Political party (nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista (EFA member)
• Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Puyalón de Cuchas
• Youth movement: Purna Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista * Trade Unions: SOA
• Other pro-independence organisations:A Enrestida, SEIRA
• Proposed state: Aragon

Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Asturian
• Political parties (regionalist/autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, URAS
• Political parties (nationalist/non secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Bloque por Asturies
• Political parties (nationalist/secessionist): Andecha Astur
• Youth movements: Darréu, UNA-Mocedá, Fai!
• Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA
• Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu
• Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturias
• Proposed flag: Asturina

Balearic Islands

• Political parties: Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista (in Majorca).

Basque Country (autonomous community) (Main article: Basque nationalism)

• Ethnic group Basque
• Political parties: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Amaiur, Aralar, Basque Nationalist Action,Batasuna (illegalised due to terrorism support)
• Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth Advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
  • Militant organisation: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ceasefire since 2011), Iraultza (disbanded), Comandos Autónomos Anticapitalistas (merged with ETA)
  • Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria

Cantabria

• Ethnic group: Cantabrian
• Political party: Cantabrian Nationalist Council
• Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
• Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra
• Proposed state: Cantabria
• Proposed flag: Lábaro

Catalonia (Catalan independence)

• Ethnic group Catalan

• Proposed state: Republic of Catalonia or Catalan Countries
• Political parties: Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya and Democratic Union of Catalonia 50/135 seats in the regional parliament, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya21/135 seats in the regional parliament, Initiative for Catalonia Greens 13/135 seats in the regional parliament, Candidatura d’Unitat Popular 3/135 seats in the regional parliament, Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Reagrupament 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Estat Català 0/135 seats in the regional parliament.
• Civil Organization: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves
• Youth Advocacy groups: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves

 Castile

• Ethnic group Leonese
• Political parties (autonomist): Unión del Pueblo Leonés (Leonese Country), Tierra Comunera (Castile)
  • Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana (Castile)
• Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country), Yesca (Castile)
• Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés (Leonese Country)
• Proposed states: Castile, Leonese Country

Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Galician
• Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party), Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Alternativa Galega de Esquedas (Galician Left Alternative)
• Youth Advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
• Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
• Proposed state: Galician Republic or Portugal

 Leonese Country (Main article: Leonesismo)

• Ethnic group Leonese
• Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés
• Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country),
• Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés
• Proposed states: Leonese Country

 Territory of Olivenza (Olivença) (Main article: Disputed status of Olivenza)

• Ethnic group: Portuguese
• Militant organisation: Amigos de Olivença (Portuguese irredentist movement)
• Proposed state: to  Portugal

Sweden

Sapmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

Scania

• Ethnic group: Scanian
  • Proposed state: Scania
  • Political party: Scania Party

Switzerland

Geneva

• Regional group: Genevan
  • Proposed state: La République de Genève” or “Free State of Geneva”
    • Pressure Groups: Genevan politicians and activists.^{[citation needed]}

Jura

• Regional group: Jurassien
  • Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement),^[52] Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien(Jurassian Autonomist Movement),Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

Ticino

• • Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
  • Pressure groups: Domà Nunch

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan^[53]

• Ethnic group: Kurdish
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan
  • Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP)
  • Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)

Ukraine

Breakaway state:

Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak

Novorossiya

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De facto state: Federal State of Novorossiya: federation of Donetsk People’s Republic and Lugansk People’s Republic
    • Political parties: Donetsk Republic, Russian Block, Russian Unity, New Russia Party
    • Militant organization: Donbass People’s Militia

Disputed status:

 Republic of Crimea

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De-facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces

City of Sevastopol

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De-facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces

Proposed autonomous regions:

 Crimea

• Ethnic group: Crimean Tatars
  • Proposed autonomous area: Crimea
    • Political organisation: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People

Subcarpathian Ruthenia

• Ethnic group: Hungarian, Rusyn^[54]
  • Proposed autonomous area: Transcarpathian Regional Confederation of the Hungarian and Rusyn People^[55]
    • Political parties: People’s Parliament Carpathian Rusyns, who demands autonomy of Ruthenia

United Kingdom and its dependencies

See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the Republic of Ireland (click to enlarge)

Constituent countries of the United Kingdom

See also: Home Nations

England

See also: Cornish nationalism, Constitutional status of Cornwall, Cornish Assembly, Devolved English parliament,English independence, English nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish nationalism

 Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

• Ethnic group: Cornish
  • Proposed state:  Cornwall (independence from the UK)
    • Advocates: Former members of the defunct Cornish Nationalist Party
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Cornwall (with a law-making assembly; many supporters want to change its status into a constituent country within the UK, separating from England)
    • Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales,^[56] Mebyon Kernow – Party for Cornwall (supports separation from England; EFA member), Liberal Democrats^[57][58]
    • Advocacy groups: Celtic League, Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn,Wessex Constitutional Convention

 England

• Ethnic group: English
  • Proposed state:  England
    • Political parties: English Radical Alliance, English Democrats
      • Advocacy groups: English National Liberation Association,^[62] EDL
  • Proposed autonomous area:  England
    • Political parties: English Democrats, UKIP^[63]
    • Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament, EDL

Ceremonial counties in Southern England^[64]

• Ethnic group: English
  • Proposed autonomous area: Wessex (adjusting the current boundaries of some regions of England without separation from England)
    • Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party
    • Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention

 Yorkshire (historical county)

• Regional group: Yorkshiremen
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Yorkshire^{[65][66][67][68]}
    • Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement^[69][70]
    • Political Parties: Yorkshire First

Northern Ireland

See also: Alternative names for Northern Ireland, History of Northern Ireland, Irish nationalism, Irish republicanism, Names of the Irish state, Repartition of Ireland, The Troubles,Ulster loyalism, Ulster nationalism and United Ireland

 Ulster

• Ethnic group: Ulster Scots
  • Proposed state: Ulster or  Scotland (independence only)
    • Militant organisations: Ulster Defence Association
    • Advocacy group: Ulster Third Way (defunct)

Reunification of Northern Ireland with Ireland

• Ethnic group: Irish
  • Proposed state: Ireland
    • Political parties: Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party
    • Militant organisations: Irish Republican Armies
    • Advocacy group: Celtic League, 32 County Sovereignty Movement

Scotland

See also: Devolution in Scotland, Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish independence referendum 2014

 Scotland

• Ethnic group: Scottish
  • Proposed state:  Scotland
    • Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Communist Party of Scotland, Scottish Democratic Alliance,Solidarity
  • Advocacy groups: Yes Scotland, Celtic League

Northern Isles ( Orkney and  Shetland)

• Ethnic group (s): Shetland Islanders, Orkney Islanders
  • Proposed autonomous area or state:  Orkney and  Shetland (separately or jointly, not yet specified)
    • Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP (focusing Orkney), Tavish Scott MSP (focusing Shetland)^[71] and some members of the local councils^[72]
      • Note: Some local residents and politicians are considering becoming independent from Scotland with staying in the UK^[73][74] or becoming Crown Dependency/Overseas Territory.^[71][72]

Outer Hebrides (Western Isles)

• Proposed autonomous or state area: Outer Hebrides (or the Western Isles)^[72]

Wales

See also: Monmouthshire (historic) § Ambiguity over Welsh status, Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence

 Wales

• Ethnic group: Welsh
  • Proposed state:  Wales
    • Political parties: Plaid Cymru, Llais Gwynedd, Cymru Annibynnol
    • Advocacy groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League

Crown dependencies

Channel Islands[edit]

• Ethnic group: Channel Islanders
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Channel Islands^[75][76]

 Bailiwick of Guernsey (including  Alderney,  Sark and other smaller islands and rocks)

• • Proposed state:  Guernsey^[77]

 Bailiwick of Jersey (including smaller islands and rocks)

• • Proposed state:  Jersey^[78]

Isle of Man

• Ethnic group: Manx
• Proposed State:  Isle of Man
  • Political party: Mec Vannin
  • Advocacy group: Celtic League
• Proposed Autonomous Region:  Isle of Man (Constituent of the United Kingdom)
  • Political party: Liberal Vannin

Overseas Territories

For movements in other British Overseas Territories, see the List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Gibraltar

• Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
  • Proposed state:  Gibraltar (as independent state freely associated to the United Kingdom)^[79]
    • Political party: Progressive Democratic Party

The dirty tricks of the Scottish Independence Referendum

SCOTLAND INDEPENDENCE VOTE RIGGING EXPOSED – Smoking Gun Evidence of Vote Being Rigged!

Rigged? Scotland Rejects Independence, NO Vote Set for Victory!

Police Probe Scotland Independence ‘Voter Fraud’ Allegations!

It’s No: Scotland votes to stay in UK