Tag Archives: Catalonia
List of active separatist movements in Europe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map of active separatist movements in Europe. Red names indicate regions with movements that only claim greater autonomy within the actual state. Black names indicate regions with important secessionist movements, although both categories include moderate movements. The nations highlighted in colors are the territories claimed by the local nationalist groups, including areas out of the state’s borders and cases of annexation to other states (click to enlarge).
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy.
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members;
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations);
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group(s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed.
Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.
Albania
- Ethnic group: Greeks in Albania
- Political parties: Omonoia,
Unity for Human Rights Party (seeks autonomous status or union with Greece)
- Political parties: Omonoia,
Azerbaijan
- Lezgistan
- Nagorno-Karabakh
- De facto state:
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic[8] - Government-in-exile: Azerbaijan — Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh[9]
- De facto state:
- Talysh-Mughan
- Proposed autonomous area:
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[10] (comprises Astara District, Lankaran District, Lankaran (city), Lerik District, Masally District and Yardymli District)
- Proposed autonomous area:
Belgium
Further information: Partition of Belgium
Brussels-Capital Region- Ethnic group: Walloon,
- Political parties (seeking a union with France): Rassemblement Bruxelles-France
- Ethnic group: Flemish
- Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders):
Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, 
Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie(member of the 
European Free Alliance), and Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders):
Flemish Region or the Flemish Community (the latter includes Brussels)
- Ethnic group: Flemish
- Proposed state: Flanders (There is minority support to include
The Netherlands; see 
Greater Netherlands) - Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Flemish Interest
- Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen
- Proposed state:
German-speaking Community of Belgium
- Ethnic group: German
- Political parties: Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Political parties: Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier (member of the
- Ethnic group: Walloon
- Proposed state:
Wallonia or 
France - Political parties:
Walloon Rally, Wallonia France Rally
- Proposed state:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Ethnic group: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Proposed state:
Republika Srpska or merging into 
Serbia
- Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party[11]
- Proposed state:
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
- Ethnic group: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Proposed state: Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia or
Croatia
- Proposed state:
Croatia
- Ethnic group: Istrian Italians
- Proposed autonomous area: Istria
- Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum
-
- Political party: List for Fiume (EFA member)[12]
- Proposed autonomous area:
Fiume
Cyprus
Breakaway state:
- Ethnic group: Turkish Cypriot
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
Czech Republic
- Ethnic group: Silesian
- Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement (EFA member)[14]
Denmark
- For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.
- Ethnic group: Danish
- Proposed autonomous region: Bornholm
- Political party: Bornholm’s Self-Government Party (Bornholms Selvstyre parti)
- Ethnic group: Faroese
- Proposed state:
Faroe Islands
- Movement: Faroese independence movement
- Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People’s Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
- Proposed state:
Finland
- Ethnic group: Åland Swedes
- Proposed state:
Åland
- Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Sami
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi[17][citation needed]
France
- Secessionist movements
Basque Country
Further information: Basque nationalism- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Parti Nationaliste Basque.
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth Advocacy groups: Egi, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
- Militant organisation: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA, Irrintzi
- Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)[18][19][20]
Brittany
- Advocacy groups: Celtic League
- Political party: Adsav, Breton Party, Emgann
- Militant organisation: Breton Revolutionary Army (ARB), Breton Liberation Front (FLB)
- Proposed state: Brittany
Northern Catalonia
Further information: Catalan independence- Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (EFA member), Catalan Unity (EFA member), Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya
- Proposed state: Països Catalans
Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
- Political party: Corsica Libera
- Militant organisation: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
- Proposed state: Corsica
Savoy
- Political party: Savoyan League
- Proposed state: Savoy
Occitania
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Occitania
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana
- Gradual and eventual secession
- Brittany
- Political party: Breton Party
- Autonomist movements
Alsace
- Political party: Alsace d’Abord, Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land
- Brittany
- Political party: Union Démocratique Bretonne (EFA member),
- Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
- Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
County of Nice
- Political party: Partit Nissart[21]
Normandy
- Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
- Proposed region: Normandy (to merge the two regions of Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy opposed by Norman activists)[clarification needed].
- Savoy
- Political party: Savoy Region Movement
- Occitania
- Political party: Partit Occitan (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra
Georgia
Breakaway states:
- Ethnic group: Abkhaz
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
Republic of Abkhazia - Political organisation:Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organization: Abkhazia Army
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
- Ethnic group: Ossetians
- De facto state: with partial de jure recognition:Republic of South Ossetia
- Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organization: South Ossetia Army
Proposed autonomous movements:
Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
- Ethnic group: Armenians
- Ethnic group: Azerbaijanis
- Proposed autonomous area: Borchali
Germany
- Ethnic group: Bavarians
- Proposed state: Bavaria
- Political party: Bavaria Party
- Ethnic group: Frisian
- Proposed autonomous area: East Frisia
- Political party: Die Friesen
- Ethnic group: Franconians
- Proposed autonomous region: Franconia
- Ethnic group: Sorbs
- Proposed autonomous region: Lusatian
- Political party: Lusatian Alliance
- Ethnic group: Danish, Frisian
- Proposed autonomous region: South Schleswig
- Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation
Italy
- Status: autonomous region
- Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia or Socialist Republic of Sardinia
- Movement: Sardinian nationalism
- Political parties: Sardinia Nation, Sardinian Action Party, Independence Republic of Sardinia, Project Republic of Sardinia, To the Left for Independence, Sardinian National Liberation Movement
- Status: autonomous province
- Proposed state:
Free State of South Tyrol or 
Austria - Movement: South Tyrolean secessionist movement
- Political parties: Citizens’ Union for South Tyrol, Die Freiheitlichen, South Tyrolean Freedom (EFA member)[25]
- Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (defunct)
- Proposed state: Veneta Republic
- Movement: Venetian nationalism
- Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Veneto State, Venetian Independence, Venetian People’s Unity, Party for Independent Veneto
- Political organisations: Venetian Most Serene Government, Venetians Movement, Independentist Youth, Venetian National Liberation Movement
Kosovo
See: International recognition of Kosovo
- Ethnic group: Serbian
- Proposed states: Reunification with Serbia
- De facto autonomous area Northern Kosovo
- Political organisation: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
- Proposed states: Reunification with
Latvia
- Ethnic group: Latgalians, Russian
- Proposed autonomous region: Latgale
- Political party: Linderman’s party “Par dzimto valodu”
Moldova
Breakaway state:
- Ethnic group: Russian
- De facto state: with partial de jure recognition
Transnistria - Proposed state: Possible unification with
Russian Federation - Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
- Militant organization: Army of Transnistria
- De facto state: with partial de jure recognition
Proposed independent and autonomous movements:
- Ethnic group: Gagauz
- Proposed state:
Gagauzia - Political organisation: Gagauzian People Assembly should Moldova decided to unite with Romania, Gagauzia would have the right to self- determination.
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Bulgarians
- Proposed autonomous region:
Taraclia
- Proposed autonomous region:
Netherlands
- Ethnic group: Frisian
- Proposed autonomous region: Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
- Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland[27]
- Proposed autonomous region: Frisia
Norway
- Ethnic group: Sami
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi[17][citation needed]
- Ethnic group: Kven
- Proposed autonomous area: Kvenland
- Advocacy groups: Norwegian Kven Organization
Poland
- Ethnic group: Silesian
- Proposed State: Germany
- Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement[14]
- Ethnic group: Kashubians
- Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
- An association of people: Kaszëbskô Jednota who want to actively participate in the life of the Kashubian nation and who recognize its right to cultural autonomy and self-identity within the multi-ethnic society.
Romania
The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Romania
Székely Land, Transylvania, Banat, Partium
- Ethnic group: Hungarians (Szeklers)
- Proposed autonomous region:
Székely Land: Székely autonomy initiatives - Proposed autonomous regions:
Transylvania, Partium, Dobruja, Banat - Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.[31] Hungarian Civic Party (Romania), they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.[32] Hungarian People’s Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Szekler autonomy in Szekely Land.[33] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.[34][35] Liga Transilvania-Banat, a regionalist party led by Sabin Gherman.[36]
- Advocacy organizations:
- Proposed autonomous region:
Szekler National Council,[37] Hungarian National Council of Transylvania, Liga Pro Europa, a Romanian-Hungarian regionalist NGO.,[36] Provincia, a group of intellectuals promoting regionalization of Romania,[36] Autonomy for Transylvania (AFT) campaign, it demands autonomy for Transylvania.[38] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), a regionalist NGO,[39] an active supporter of the “Autonomy for Transylvania” campaign,[40] League of Banat (Liga Banateana), a regionalist NGO.[41][42]
Russia
Russia’s North Caucasus
See also: Insurgency in the North Caucasus
Chechnya
- Militant organisation: Chechen separatists; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov, the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy,[43] criticising Russian attempts to make a “North Caucasus” district[43] and inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev.[44]
- Proposed state:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–99)
Dagestan
Ingushetia
Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia
- Political party: Majlis Shoura
- Militant organization: Caucasian Front
- Proposed state:
Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to 
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in 1917–19, 
North Caucasian Emirate in 1919–20and Ichkeria)
Circassia
- Movement: Circassian nationalism; Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
- Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai)
Karachay-Balkaria (Balkar and Karachay peoples)
- Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia
- Goals: Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the
Karachay and Balkaria, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism) - Proposed state: Karachay-Balkar Republic (includes south Kabardino-Balkaria and south Karachey-Cherkessia)
Abazinia in central-north Karachay–Cherkessia
- Proposed state: Abazin Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)
Kumykia in north Dagestan
- Movement: Tenglik (since 1989)
- Proposed state: Kumyk Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)
Russia’s other European regions[edit]
Tatarstan
- Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
- Movement: Tatar Youth Union “Azatlyk”
- Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
Udmurtia
- Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
- Proposed state: Idel-Ural
Chuvashia
- Movement: Chuvash Youth Union
- Proposed state: Idel-Ural
Mari El
- Proposed state: Idel-Ural
Mordovia
- Proposed state: Idel-Ural
Bashkortostan
- Movement: Bashkir social movement “Kuk bure”
- Proposed state: Idel-Ural
Komi Republic
- Proposed state: Komi Republic
Karelia
- Proposed state: East Karelia or reunification with North Karelia and South Karelia and the formation of united Karelia or Finland
Kalmykia
- Proposed state: Kalmykia
Ingria
- Proposed state: Ingria (comprises Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast)[citation needed]
Voronezh Oblast, southern districts
- Movement: pan-Ukrainian irredentism
Rostov Oblast
- Movement: Don Cossacks of Don Host Oblast autonomists
- Proposed state: Don Republic (proclaimed in 1918 and in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
Krasnodar Krai (Kuban)
- Movement: Kuban Cossacks of Kuban Oblast autonomists
- Proposed state: Kuban People’s Republic (proclaimed in 1918), Kuban Republic (attempted to proclaim in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russiain Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
- North Caucasus near Terek
- Movement: Terek Cossacks of Terek Oblast autonomists
- Proposed state: Upper Kuban Cossack Republic (proclaimed in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
Prussia
- Proposed state: Prussia (comprises Kaliningrad Oblast and Various Areas In Northern Poland)
- Political parties Baltic Republican Party[45]
Serbia
- Ethnic group: Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
- Proposed autonomous region: Vojvodina
- Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Reformists of Vojvodina, Vojvodina’s Party
- Ethnic group: Bosniaks of Serbia
- Proposed state: Sandžak
- Advocacy groups: Islamic Community in Serbia[46]
- Ethnic group: Albanians in south Serbia
- Proposed state: Presevo Valley
- Political parties: Democratic Progress Party[47]
Breakaway state:
- Ethnic group: Albanians in Kosovo
- De facto state with partial de jure international recognition
- Political organisation: Government of Kosovo
Slovakia
The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Slovakia
Autonomist movements:
- Political parties: Party of the Hungarian Community,[48] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.[49]
- Goals: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.[50]
Spain
See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain and Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
Areas in Spain with separatist movements.
The disputed territory of Olivenza.
Canary Islands (Main article: Canarian nationalism)
- Ethnic group: Canarians
- Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
- Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo,
- Youth movement: Azarug
- Proposed state: Canary Islands (sometimes also Western Sahara and Tamazgha)
Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)
- Ethnic group: Andalusian
- Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
- Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
- Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
- Proposed state: Andalusia
- Ethnic group: Aragonese
- Political party (nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista (EFA member)
- Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Puyalón de Cuchas
- Youth movement: Purna Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista * Trade Unions: SOA
- Other pro-independence organisations:A Enrestida, SEIRA
- Proposed state: Aragon
Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)
- Ethnic group: Asturian
- Political parties (regionalist/autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, URAS
- Political parties (nationalist/non secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Bloque por Asturies
- Political parties (nationalist/secessionist): Andecha Astur
- Youth movements: Darréu, UNA-Mocedá, Fai!
- Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA
- Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu
- Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturias
- Proposed flag: Asturina
- Political parties: Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista (in Majorca).
Basque Country (autonomous community) (Main article: Basque nationalism)
- Ethnic group Basque
- Political parties: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Amaiur, Aralar, Basque Nationalist Action,Batasuna (illegalised due to terrorism support)
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth Advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
- Militant organisation: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ceasefire since 2011), Iraultza (disbanded), Comandos Autónomos Anticapitalistas (merged with ETA)
- Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria
- Ethnic group: Cantabrian
- Political party: Cantabrian Nationalist Council
- Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
- Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra
- Proposed state: Cantabria
- Proposed flag: Lábaro
Catalonia (Catalan independence)
- Ethnic group Catalan
-
- Proposed state: Republic of Catalonia or Catalan Countries
- Political parties: Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya and Democratic Union of Catalonia 50/135 seats in the regional parliament, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya21/135 seats in the regional parliament, Initiative for Catalonia Greens 13/135 seats in the regional parliament, Candidatura d’Unitat Popular 3/135 seats in the regional parliament, Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Reagrupament 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Estat Català 0/135 seats in the regional parliament.
- Civil Organization: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves
- Youth Advocacy groups: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves
- Ethnic group Leonese
- Political parties (autonomist): Unión del Pueblo Leonés (Leonese Country), Tierra Comunera (Castile)
- Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana (Castile)
- Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country), Yesca (Castile)
- Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés (Leonese Country)
- Proposed states: Castile, Leonese Country
Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism)
- Ethnic group: Galician
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party), Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Alternativa Galega de Esquedas (Galician Left Alternative)
- Youth Advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
- Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
- Proposed state: Galician Republic or
Portugal
- Ethnic group Leonese
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés
- Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country),
- Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés
- Proposed states: Leonese Country
- Ethnic group: Portuguese
- Militant organisation: Amigos de Olivença (Portuguese irredentist movement)
- Proposed state: to Portugal
Sweden
- Ethnic group: Sami
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi[17][citation needed]
- Ethnic group: Scanian
- Proposed state: Scania
- Political party: Scania Party
Switzerland
- Regional group: Genevan
- Proposed state: La République de Genève” or “Free State of Geneva”
- Pressure Groups: Genevan politicians and activists.[citation needed]
- Proposed state: La République de Genève” or “Free State of Geneva”
- Regional group: Jurassien
- Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement),[52] Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien(Jurassian Autonomist Movement),Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)
-
- Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
- Pressure groups: Domà Nunch
Turkey
- Ethnic group: Kurdish
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP)
- Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)
Ukraine
Breakaway state:
Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak
- Ethnic group: Russian
- De facto state: Federal State of Novorossiya: federation of Donetsk People’s Republic and Lugansk People’s Republic
- Political parties: Donetsk Republic, Russian Block, Russian Unity, New Russia Party
- Militant organization: Donbass People’s Militia
- De facto state: Federal State of Novorossiya: federation of Donetsk People’s Republic and Lugansk People’s Republic
Disputed status:
- Ethnic group: Russian
- De-facto state: Russian Federation
- Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces
- Ethnic group: Russian
- De-facto state: Russian Federation
- Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces
Proposed autonomous regions:
- Ethnic group: Crimean Tatars
- Proposed autonomous area: Crimea
- Political organisation: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
- Proposed autonomous area: Crimea
- Ethnic group: Hungarian, Rusyn[54]
- Proposed autonomous area: Transcarpathian Regional Confederation of the Hungarian and Rusyn People[55]
- Political parties: People’s Parliament Carpathian Rusyns, who demands autonomy of Ruthenia
- Proposed autonomous area: Transcarpathian Regional Confederation of the Hungarian and Rusyn People[55]
United Kingdom and its dependencies
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the Republic of Ireland (click to enlarge)
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
See also: Home Nations
England
See also: Cornish nationalism, Constitutional status of Cornwall, Cornish Assembly, Devolved English parliament,English independence, English nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish nationalism
Cornwall (possibly including the 
Isles of Scilly)
- Ethnic group: Cornish
- Proposed state: Cornwall (independence from the UK)
- Advocates: Former members of the defunct Cornish Nationalist Party
- Proposed autonomous area: Cornwall (with a law-making assembly; many supporters want to change its status into a constituent country within the UK, separating from England)
- Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales,[56] Mebyon Kernow – Party for Cornwall (supports separation from England; EFA member), Liberal Democrats[57][58]
- Advocacy groups: Celtic League, Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn,Wessex Constitutional Convention
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: English
- Proposed state:
England
- Political parties: English Radical Alliance, English Democrats
- Advocacy groups: English National Liberation Association,[62] EDL
- Political parties: English Radical Alliance, English Democrats
- Proposed autonomous area: England
- Political parties: English Democrats, UKIP[63]
- Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament, EDL
- Proposed state:
Ceremonial counties in Southern England[64]
- Ethnic group: English
- Proposed autonomous area:
Wessex (adjusting the current boundaries of some regions of England without separation from England)
- Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party
- Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention
- Proposed autonomous area:
Yorkshire (historical county)
- Regional group: Yorkshiremen
Northern Ireland
See also: Alternative names for Northern Ireland, History of Northern Ireland, Irish nationalism, Irish republicanism, Names of the Irish state, Repartition of Ireland, The Troubles,Ulster loyalism, Ulster nationalism and United Ireland
- Ethnic group: Ulster Scots
- Proposed state:
Ulster or 
Scotland (independence only)
- Militant organisations: Ulster Defence Association
- Advocacy group: Ulster Third Way (defunct)
- Proposed state:
Reunification of Northern Ireland with Ireland
- Ethnic group: Irish
- Proposed state:
Ireland
- Political parties: Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party
- Militant organisations: Irish Republican Armies
- Advocacy group: Celtic League, 32 County Sovereignty Movement
- Proposed state:
Scotland
See also: Devolution in Scotland, Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish independence referendum 2014
- Ethnic group: Scottish
- Proposed state: Scotland
- Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Communist Party of Scotland, Scottish Democratic Alliance,Solidarity
- Advocacy groups: Yes Scotland, Celtic League
- Proposed state:
Northern Isles (
Orkney and 
Shetland)
- Ethnic group (s): Shetland Islanders, Orkney Islanders
- Proposed autonomous area or state: Orkney and Shetland (separately or jointly, not yet specified)
- Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP (focusing Orkney), Tavish Scott MSP (focusing Shetland)[71] and some members of the local councils[72]
- Note: Some local residents and politicians are considering becoming independent from Scotland with staying in the UK[73][74] or becoming Crown Dependency/Overseas Territory.[71][72]
- Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP (focusing Orkney), Tavish Scott MSP (focusing Shetland)[71] and some members of the local councils[72]
- Proposed autonomous area or state:
Outer Hebrides (Western Isles)
- Proposed autonomous or state area: Outer Hebrides (or the Western Isles)[72]
Wales
See also: Monmouthshire (historic) § Ambiguity over Welsh status, Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence
- Ethnic group: Welsh
- Proposed state:
Wales
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru, Llais Gwynedd, Cymru Annibynnol
- Advocacy groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League
- Proposed state:
Crown dependencies
Channel Islands[edit]
- Ethnic group: Channel Islanders
Bailiwick of Guernsey (including 
Alderney, 
Sark and other smaller islands and rocks)
Bailiwick of Jersey (including smaller islands and rocks)
Isle of Man
- Ethnic group: Manx
- Proposed State:
Isle of Man
- Political party: Mec Vannin
- Advocacy group: Celtic League
- Proposed Autonomous Region: Isle of Man (Constituent of the United Kingdom)
- Political party: Liberal Vannin
Overseas Territories
- For movements in other British Overseas Territories, see the List of active separatist movements in North America.
- Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
- Proposed state:
Gibraltar (as independent state freely associated to the United Kingdom)[79]
- Political party: Progressive Democratic Party
- Proposed state:
Alex Infohub 