Countries That Don’t Exist! #3 (Asia)

Countries That Don’t Exist! #2 (Africa)

Countries That Don’t Exist! #1 (Europe)

Autonomous administrative division

Table by designation

Designation	Division	State	Notes
Banner	Oroqen	People’s Republic of China	In effect, these are autonomous counties.
	Evenk
	Morin Dawa Daur
City	Buenos Aires	Argentina
	Ceuta	Spain	The autonomous cities of Spain are two exclaves located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded byMorocco, separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar.
	Melilla
	Sejong	Republic of Korea
	Tashkent	Uzbekistan	Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan
Commune	Bangui	Central African Republic	Bangui is the capital and the largest city of the Central African Republic
Community	There are 17 autonomous communities of Spain
County	There are 117 autonomous counties of the People’s Republic of China
District Council	There are 8 autonomous district councils of India
Okrug	There are 6 autonomous okrugs of Russia
Oblast	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	Russia
Prefecture	There are 30 autonomous prefectures of the People’s Republic of China
Province	Aceh	Indonesia
	Jeju	Republic of Korea
	Kosovo and Metohija	Claimed by:  Serbia	In 2008, the Republic of Kosovo declared independence. While Serbia has not formally recognised Kosovo’s independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the Autonomous Province, its independence isrecognised by 108 UN member states.
		Controlled by:  Kosovo
	Papua	Indonesia
	South Tyrol	Italy
	Trentino
	Vojvodina	Serbia
	West Papua	Indonesia
	Yogyakatra
Region	Åland Islands	Finland
	Aosta Valley	Italy
	Azores	Portugal
	Bougainville	Papua New Guinea
	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	Italy
	Guangxi	People’s Republic of China
	Inner Mongolia
	Iraqi Kurdistan	Iraq	Iraqi Kurdistan is the only region that has gained official recognition internationally as an autonomous regional entity.
	Madeira	Portugal
	Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao	Philippines
	Mount Athos	Greece
	Ningxia	People’s Republic of China
	Nisga’a Nation	Canada
	Nunatsiavut
	RAAN	Nicaragua
	RAAS
	Rodrigues	Mauritius
	Sardinia	Italy
	Sicily
	Tibet Autonomous Region	People’s Republic of China
	Tłı̨chǫ	Canada
	Xinjiang	People’s Republic of China
	There are 14 autonomous regions of India, one of which is a de facto area
Republic	Nakhchivan	Azerbaijan
	Adjara	Georgia
	Abkhazia	Claimed by:  Georgia	In 1990, the Republic of Abkhazia declared its independence from the Soviet Union. While Georgia has not formally recognised Abkhazia’s independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the Autonomous Province, its independence is recognized by 6 UN member states.
		Controlled by:  Abkhazia
	Gorno-Badakhshan	Tajikistan
	Crimea	Claimed by:  Ukraine
		Controlled by  Russia
	Karakalpakstan	Uzbekistan
Sector	Bissau	Guinea-Bissau
Territorial Unit	Gagauzia	Moldova
	Transnistria	Claimed by:  Moldova	In 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union. While Moldova has not formally recognised Transnistria’s independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the Autonomous Province, its independence is recognized by other 3 non-UN member states.
		Controlled by:  Transnistria

List of active separatist movements in South America

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

Argentina[edit]

Main article: Mapuche conflict

• Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)
  • Proposed state: Mapuche Nation^[1]

Bolivia[edit]

• Santa Cruz
  • Pressure group: Camba Nation Liberation Movement (Movimiento Nación Camba de Liberación), Pro Santa Cruz Committee (Comité Pro Santa Cruz), Santa Cruz Youth Union (Unión Juvenil Cruceñista) also the departments of Beni, Pando, and Tarija.
  • Proposed state: Republic of Santa Cruz, Camba Nation

Brazil[edit]

• Proposed state: República Riograndense
  • Pressure Group: Movimento Pampa Livre
  • Proposition: To separate the state of Rio Grande do Sul from Brazil.^[2]
• Proposed state: Sul
  • Pressure Group: O Sul é Meu País
  • Proposition: To separate the states of the southern region, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul creating a federation between them.
• Proposed state:The United States of Northeast
  • Pressure Group: GESNI
  • Proposition: To separate the states of the northeast region, creating a federation between them.
• Proposed state: Pernambuco
  • Pressure Group: GEAPI – Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação Pernambuco Independente.
  • Proposition: To separate Pernambuco from Brazil.
• Proposed state: São Paulo
  • Pressure Group: Movimento República de São Paulo.
  • Proposition: To separate the São Paulo state from Brazil, creating The Republic of São Paulo. To organize and promote free debate and studies on the degree of autonomy of the State of São Paulo in the Brazilian federation and the current model of federalism in Brazil, as well as on the implementation of a new model of the Confederate States, and discuss foster actions aimed at bringing the public discussion of the federation, to foster growth stock elements of the typical culture São Paulo, organize debates and events on the political representation of the State of São Paulo in the current model of federation, among other actions.^[3]
• Proposed state: República do Rio de Janeiro
  • Pressure Group: Movimento O Rio é o Meu País
  • Proposition: To separate the Rio de Janeiro state from Brazil.

Chile[edit]

Main article: Mapuche conflict

• Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)^[1]
  • Proposed state: Mapuche Nation^[1]

Colombia[edit]

• Raizals of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
  • Structuring territorial or proposed: Self-State Associate
  • Pressure group: Amen-SD (Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination for San Andrés, Providence and Kethlena)
  • Important figure: Raymond Howard

France[edit]

• French Guiana
  • Pressure groups: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Venezuela[edit]

• Zulia State
  • Proposed state: Free State of Zulia, Sovereign State of Zulia or Independent Republic of Zulia

List of active separatist movements in Oceania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Oceania. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

 Australia[edit]

Main article: Republicanism in Australia

 Australia

• Ethnic group: Australian
  • Proposed state Republic of Australia
  • Political parties: Australian Republican Movement, Australian Labor Party

 Chile[edit]

•  Rapa Nui (Easter Island)^[1][2]

 Fiji[edit]

Rotuma

• Ethnic group: Rotuman
  • Purposed state: Rotuma

 France[edit]

•  French Polynesia
  • Political party: Tavini Huiraatira
• Moorea
  • Proposed state: Republic of Hau Pakumoto^[3]
•  New Caledonia
  • Political party: Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (Caledonian Union, Party of Kanak Liberation), Kanak Socialist Liberation, Labour Party, Union of Pro-Independence Co-operation Committees, Renewed Caledonian Union
  • Proposed state: New Caledonia

 Indonesia[edit]

See also: List of active separatist movements in Asia § Indonesia

Aceh

• Proposed state: Republic of Aceh
  • Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)

Kalimantan

• Proposed state: Kalimantan Borneo or  Malaysia^[4][5][6][7]
  • Pressure groups: Kalimantan Borneo Liberation Front

South Moluccas

• Proposed state: South Moluccas
  • Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front

Minahasa^[8][9]

• Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa

West Papua

• Proposed state: Republic of West Papua
• Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement

Riau^{[citation needed]}

• Proposed state: Riau

 Kiribati[edit]

• Banaba Island^[10]

 New Zealand[edit]

• Māori people
  • Main article: Māori protest movement
  • Political parties: Māori Party, Mana Party
  • Proposed state: Republic of New Zealand

• South Island
  • Main article: South Island nationalism
  • Political parties: South Island Party, New Munster Party
  • Pressure groups: Cut the Cable, South Island First, Zealandia Independence Project
  • Militant organization: New Munster Liberation Army^[11]
  • Proposed state: New Munster, South Zealand
  • Proposed autonomous region: New Munster Province

 Papua New Guinea[edit]

•  Bougainville (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Bougainville Revolutionary Army^[12]
• Bougainville & Twin Kingdom of Papa’ala and Me’ekamui^[13]
  • Political group: Triune Government of Bougainville

 United States[edit]

•  Guam
  • Pressure movement: Chamoru Nation, Organization of People for Indigenous Rights^[14]
  • Local Self-Government: Guam Commission on Self-Determination, now known as the Commission on Decolonization
• Hawaii

Main article: Hawaiian sovereignty movement

• Pressure groups (s): Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization), Office of Hawaiian Affairs

•  Northern Mariana Islands
  • Pressure Movement: Taotao Tano
•  American Samoa
  • Proposed State: Federal Republic of Samoa

 Vanuatu[edit]

• Malekula
  • Proposed state: N’Makiaute
• Northern islands
  • Proposed state: Federation Na Griamel

List of active separatist movements in Asia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with current, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with a de facto polity
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding or anticipated sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations or insurgencies
  • Advocacy group(s): for nonviolent, non-electoral, participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

Afghanistan

Badakhshan (Near the Wakhan Corridor)

• Ethnic group: Pamiri
  • Proposed state: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic
  • Political parties: Lail Badakhshan

Burma/Myanmar

Arakan

• Ethnic group: Rakhine
  • Proposed state: Arakan Federation
  • Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance

Zo Asia

• Ethnic group: Chin
• Proposed state: Republic of Zo Asia
  • Militant organisation: Chin National Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Kachin

• Ethnic group: Kachin
  • Proposed state: Kachinland
  • Political party: Kachin National Organization

Kawthoolei

• Ethnic group: Karen
  • Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
  • Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
  • Advocacy group: Karen National Union

Karenni

• Ethnic group: Karenni
  • Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
  • Militant organisation: Karenni Army
  • Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government

Kukiland

• Ethnic group: Kuki
  • Proposed state: Kukiland
  • Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
  • Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Mon State

• Ethnic group: Mon
  • Proposed state: Mon State
  • Political party: New Mon State Party

Nagaland

• Ethnic group: Naga
  • Proposed state: Nagalim or Peoples’ Republic of Nagaland
  • Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland

Northern Arakan

• Ethnic group: Rohingya
  • Proposed state: Northern Arakan State of Arakan Federation
  • Advocacy group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization

Shan States

• Ethnic group: Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Proposed state: Federated Shan States
  • Political party: Shan Democratic Union
  • Militant organisation: Shan State Army
  • Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
  • Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States

Wa State

• Ethnic group: Wa
  • Proposed state: Wa State
  • Political party: United Wa State Party
  • Militant organisation: United Wa State Army

Zogam

• Ethnic group: Zomi
  • Proposed state: Republic of Zogam or Federated State of Zomi
  • Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
  • Militant organisations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army,
  • Advocacy group: Global Zomi Alliance
  • Government in exile: Republic of Zogam

China

Main article: Separatist movements of China

The  People’s Republic of China and the  Republic of China insist sole legitimacy of China against each other. Practically, the former is administering Mainland China and the two special administrative regions of  Hong Kong and  Macau and the latter is administering the Taiwan area.

Mainland China

Inner Mongolia

• Ethnic group: Mongolian
  • Proposed state: Republic of South Mongol
    • Political parties: Inner Mongolian People’s Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance,Mongolian Liberal Union Party

Tibet Autonomous Region

• Ethnic group: Tibetan
  • Proposed state: Tibet
    • Government-in-exile: Lobsang Sangay, head of the Tibetan Government in Exile^[5] (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
    • Political parties: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet
    • Advocacy group: Students for a Free Tibet, Tibetan Youth Congress, International Campaign for Tibet

Xinjiang

• Ethnic group: Uyghur
  • Proposed state: East Turkestan
    • Political parties: Uyghurstan Independence Movement
    • Militant organisations: East Turkestan Islamic Movement, Uyghurstan National Front
    • Advocacy groups: World Uyghur Congress (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

Special administrative regions

Hong Kong

• Ethnic group: Hong Konger
  • Proposed state: Republic of Hong Kong
    • Advocacy group: Hong Konger Front

Taiwan area

Main articles: Political status of Taiwan and Taiwan independence

• Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
  • Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)

In perspective of the laws of the Republic of China, the Taiwan independence movement is considered as secessionism, but practically, the movement seeks to replace the ROC with the Republic of Taiwan because Taiwan area is the only practical region administered by the ROC.

In perspective of the laws of the People’s Republic of China, the Taiwan indepndence movement is considered as secessionism, too because the PRC considers the Taiwan area as its integral part.

India

Main articles: List of proposed states and territories of India and Separatist movements of India

See also: Naxalite-Maoist insurgency and Insurgency in Northeast India

Arunachal Pradesh

• Ethnic group: Galo
  • Proposed autonomous area: Teola Country
  • Militant organisation: Arunachal Dragon Force
• Proposed autonomous area: Hajong Chakma Homeland
  • Political organisation: All Hajong Chakma Homeland Movement

Assam

• Ethnic group: Bodo
  • Proposed state: Bodoland
  • Militant organisation: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam,^[8] National Democratic Front

Jammu and Kashmir (occupied/disputed area of the Kashmir valley only)

• Ethnic group: Kashmiris
  • Proposed state: Independent United State of Kashmir, or United Jammu and Kashmir
  • Political organisations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
  • Militant organisations: Lashkar-e-Toiba, Harkat-ul-mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad

Manipur

• Ethnic group: Manipuri
  • Proposed state: Republic of Manipur
  • Militant organisations: Hmar People’s Convention–Democrat, Manipur People’s Liberation Front, United National Liberation Front, Revolutionary People’s Front of Manipur,People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak

Mizoram

• Ethnic group: Mizos
• Proposed state: Zozam
  • Militant organisations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization, Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force

Nagaland

• Ethnic group: Naga
• Proposed state: Nagalim or People’s Republic of Nagaland
  • Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland
  • Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland

Punjab

• Ethnic group: Punjabi
  • Proposed state: Khalistan
  • Political organisations: Dal Khalsa, Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
  • Militant organisations: Babbar Khalsa, Khalistan Commando Force

Tripura

• Ethnic group: Tripuri
  • Proposed state: Tripura

Tamil Nadu

• Ethnic group: Tamil
  • Proposed state: Republic of Tamil Nation
  • Political organisation: Tamil Thesa Pothuvudaimai Katchi^[10]

Indonesia

See also: List of active separatist movements in Oceania § Indonesia

Kalimantan

• Proposed state: Kalimantan Borneo or  Malaysia
  • Pressure groups: Kalimantan Borneo Liberation Front

Minahasa

• Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa

Riau

• Proposed state: Riau

South Moluccas

• Proposed state: South Moluccas
  • Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front

West Papua

• Proposed state: West Papua
  • Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement
  • Government-in-exile: West Papuan Government in exile^[19][20]

Iran

Azerbaijan (Iran)

• Ethnic group: Azerbaijan
  • Proposed state: South Azerbaijan or  Azerbaijan
  • Political party: CAMAH (South Azerbaijan National Liberation Movement), a Baku-based separatist organisation that advocates for the separation of Iranian Azerbaijan from Iran and unification with the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to them, the predominantly ethnic Persian provinces of Hamadan, Qazvin and Karaj and the whole of the ethnically mixed province of West Azerbaijan are parts of Azerbaijan.^[21]

Turkmen Sahra

• Ethnic group Turkmen
  • Proposed state: South Turkmenistan or  Turkmenistan
  • Political party: Turkmen-Sahra Liberation Organization
  • Pan-Turkism party

Khūzestān

• Ethnic group: Arabs
  • Proposed state: Al-Ahwaz^[22]

Further information: Politics of Khūzestān Province

• • • Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People’s Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
  • Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

 Kurdistan

• Ethnic groups: Kurdish, Feylis
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan^[23]
  • Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan, Komalah

Balcochistan

• Ethnic group: Baloch
  • Proposed state: Balochistan
  • Political party: Balochistan People’s Party
  • Militant organisations: Jundallah (Iran)

Iraq

See: Minorities in Iraq

Breakaway state:

The Islamic State

• Religious group: Sunnis
  • De facto state: The Islamic State
  • Status: See Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) and Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)

Purposed states:

 Kurdistan

• Ethnic groups: Kurdish, Feylis
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan
  • Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement (K.I.M.), Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • De facto autonomous state Iraqi Kurdistan
  • Status: See Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) and Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)

 Assyria

Main articles: Assyrian nationalism and Assyrian struggle for independence

• Ethnic group: Assyrian
  • Proposed state  Assyria
  • Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Liberation Party, Qaraqosh Protection Committee
  • Militant organisations: Zowaa
  • Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
  • Status: See Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) and Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)

Turkmeneli

• Ethnic group: Turkmen
  • Proposed state: Turkmeneli
  • Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Status: See Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) and Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)

Sinjar

• Eltnoreligious group: Yazidi
  • Purposed autonomous area or state: Sinjar with Sinjar Mountain region in  Iraq or unification with  Kurdistan
  • Political organisation: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Yazidi Community
  • Status: See Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) and Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)

Israel

Proposed states:

State of Judea

• Ethnic group: Israeli settlers
  • Proposed state: State of Judea

Occupied territories:

 Palestine

• Ethnic group: Palestinian
  • De facto autonomous government: Palestinian National Authority
  • De facto/De jure state: State of Palestine
  • Political parties: Hamas, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah, Palestine Liberation Front, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Palestine Liberation Organisation
  • Militant organisations: al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Tanzim, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades

Japan

Hokkaido

• Ethnic group: Ainu
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ainu
  • Political group : Ainu independence movement

Okinawa

• Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ryūkyū
  • Political parties: Kariyushi Club (Formerly, Ryukyu Independence Party)
  • Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
  • Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu. See also Invasion of Ryukyu.

Laos

Hmong ChaoFa

• Ethnic group: Hmong
  • Proposed state: Hmong ChaoFa Federated State

Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Nepal

Madheshstan

• Ethnic group: Madheshi in the southern strip have occasionally voiced for independence from Nepal. The claims are a result of a long standing history of discrimination against them.
  • Proposed state: Republic of Madheshstan
  • Political group: AIM Madeshstan, Alliance of Madheshi people^[28]

Pakistan[edit]

Main article: Separatist movements of Pakistan

Balochistan ^[29]

• Ethnic group: Baloch
  • Proposed state: Balochistan
  • Political party: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Baloch Republican Army

Jammu & Kashmir

• Ethnic group: Azad Kashmiris
  • Proposed state: Jammu & Kashmir
  • Military movement: JKLF

Sindh ethnic group sindhi proposed state:Sindhodesh political party:Jeay Sindh Qoami mOvement

 Palestine*

See: International recognition of Palestine/currently mostly occupied by Israel as part of the Palestinian territories

State of Judea

• Ethnic group: Israeli settlers
  • Proposed state: State of Judea

Philippines

Bangsamoro Region/Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

• Ethnic group: Moro, Lumad
  • Proposed state: Bangsamoro Republik / Federal Republic of Mindanao
  • Political party: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement^[30]
  • Militant organisation: Moro National Liberation Front ( Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters^[30]
  • Advocacy group: Mindanao Independence Movement

Cordillera Administrative Region

• Ethnic group: Igorot
• Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region^[31]

Russia[edit]

Main article: Secession in Russia

See also: List of active separatist movements in Europe § Russia and Republics of Russia

 Sakha Republic

• Ethnic group: Yakuts
  • Proposed state:  Sakha Republic
  • Political party: Sakha-Amuk

 Siberia (North Asia)

See also: Siberian regionalism

• Ethnic group:
  • Proposed state: Siberian Republic^[32]
  • Political party: Party of Siberian Liberation

Tuva

• Ethnic group: Tuvans
• Proposed state: Tuva
  • Political parties: People’s Party of Sovereign Tuva, People’s Front “Free Tuva”

Sri Lanka[edit]

 Tamil Eelam

• Ethnic group: Tamil
  • Proposed state: Tamil Eelam
  • Political party: Tamil National Alliance (autonomy within Sri Lanka)
  • Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (No longer active in Sri Lanka)
  • Advocacy groups: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam, Global Tamil Forum
  • Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam^[33]

Syria[edit]

Further information: Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War

Breakaway states:

The Islamic State

• Religious group: Sunnis
  • De facto state: The Islamic State
  • Political parties: Majlish Shura al Mujahedeen

Western Kurdistan

• Ethnic and ethno-religious group: Kurdish, Yazidis
  • De facto state: Western Kurdistan
  • Political party: Democratic Union Party
  • Militant organisation: People’s Defence Units
  • Political Movement: Democratic Confederlism, Democratic Socialism, Socialist Feminism, Ecosocialism

Syrian Interim Government

• Ethnic group: Syrians
  • De facto state: FSA held areas
  • Political organisations: National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
  • Militant organizations: Free Syrian Army

Purposed states:

Alawite State

• Etlno-religious group: Alawite
  • Proposed state: Alawite State
  • Political Movement: Government of Syria: if Damascus should fall, it has been proposed that the government retreats to Latakia and the surrounding area to form a possibleAlawite State.

As-Suwayda

• Ethno-religious group: Druze
  • Proposed state: Jabal Druze State
  • Political parties: Progressive Socialist Party (Syria)

 Assyria

• Ethnic group: Assyrian
  • Proposed state:  Assyria
  • Political parties: Syriac Union Party
  • Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
  • Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe

Occupied territories:

Golan Heights (occupied by Israel)

• Ethnic group: Israeli settlers
  • De facto state:  Israel
  • Political organisation: Government of Israel
  • Militant organisations: Israeli Defence Force

Tajikistan[edit]

Badakhshan

• Ethnic group: Pamiri
  • Proposed state: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic^[1]
  • Political party: Lali Badakhshon^[1]

Thailand[edit]

Patani

• Ethnic group: Malays
  • Proposed state: Greater Patani State (Negara Patani Raya)^[34] or  Malaysia^[35][36][37]
  • Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation

Turkey[edit]

Northern Kurdistan ^[38]

• Ethnic group: Kurdish
  • Purposed state: Kurdistan
  • Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP)
  • Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)

Western Armenia

• Ethnic group: Armenians
  • Purposed state: United Armenia
  • Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (not active in Turkey)
  • Militant organisations: Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) (defunct), New Armenian Resistance Group (defunct)

Uzbekistan[edit]

Karakalpakstan

• Ethnic group: Karakalpaks
  • Purposed state: Republic of Karakalpakstan
  • Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party^[39]

Vietnam[edit]

‘ Champa

• Ethnic group: Cham
  • Proposed state: Champa
    • Advocacy group: International Office of Champa (IOC)^[40]
    • Militant organisation: Front de Libération du Champa (FLC), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO), now defunct

Tây Nguyên

• Ethnic group: Montagnard
  • Proposed autonomous area: Tây Nguyên
  • Advocacy group: Montagnard Foundation, Inc.^[41] (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Militant organisation: Front de Libération des Hauts Plateaux (FLHP), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO), now defunct

Cochinchina

• Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
  • Proposed autonomous area: Cochinchina
  • Advocacy group: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation (KKF)^[42]
  • Militant organisation: Front de Libération du Kampuchea Krom (FLKK), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FURLO), now defunct

Yemen[edit]

South Yemen

• Ethnic group: Hadhrami Arabs
  • Proposed state: South Yemen^[43]
  • Political party: South Yemen Movement

List of active separatist movements in Africa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • Ethnic Group(s): for the ethnic groups made up of the area
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

 Algeria

Kabyle

• Ethnic group: Kabyles
  • Proposed state: Kabylie
  • Political party: Movement for the autonomy of Kabylie^[1]
  • Government-in-exile: Provisional Government of Kabylia (Anavad)^[2]

 Angola

Cabinda

• Ethnic group: Cabindans
  • Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda^[3]
  • Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples)
  • Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
  • Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)

British Overseas Territories

Chagos Islands (currently British Indian Ocean Territory)

• Ethnic group: Chagossians
  • Proposed autonomous or state: Chagos Islands
  • Pressure groups: Chagossians Community, The UK Chagossians Support

(The Chagossians wish to have the right of return to the Chagos Islands who were evicted over 40 years ago to make way for British Army and US Army base)

 Cameroon

Bakassi Peninsula

• Ethnic group: Calabars
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi^[4]
  • Pressure group: Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination

Ambazonia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization and Organization of Emerging African States)

• Ethnic group: Southern Cameroons
  • Proposed state: Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon, Ambazonia
  • Political party: Southern Cameroons National Council^[5]
  • Pressure group: Southern Cameroon Liberation Movement

 Central African Republic

• Northern Muslim minority
  • Proposed state: Republic of Northern Central Africa (in French, possibly, République du nord de l’Afrique centrale)
  • Pressure group: Muslim rebel coalition Séléka^[6]

 Comoros

• Anjouan
• Ethnic group:
  • Purposed state: Anjouan
  • Political parties: Anjouan People’s Movement, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana^[7]

Mohéli

• Ethnic group:
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali^[8]

 Congo

• South Congo (Brazzaville)
  • Pressure group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo
  • Proposed state: The State of South Congo^[9][10]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Bas-Congo
  • Pressure group: Bundu dia Kongo
  • Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo
• Katanga
  • Political parties: Confédération des Associations de Katanga Tribales, Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans
  • Militant organizations: Mai-Mai community-based militia groups^[12]
  • Status: Sporadic violence
• Kwili, Kivu, Bukavu
  • Status: Insurgency^[13]

 Egypt

Copts

• Ethnic group: Coptic
  • Proposed state: Coptic Pharaonic Republic
  • Pressure group: Coptic Christians living abroad^[14]

Bir Tawil

• Ethnic group: Ababda
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ababda
  • Status: Technically independence as both Egypt and Sudan do not claim or control the region but no political organisation within the region currently governs Bir Tawil.

Nubia

• Ethnic group: Nubian
  • Proposed state: Republic of Nubia

 Equatorial Guinea

Bioko

• Ethnic group: Bubi
  • Proposed state: Bioko Island
  • Pressure group: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island
  • Status: The indigenous Bubi people are now outnumbered by Fernandinos and Fang immigrants from the mainland.^[17]

 Ethiopia

• Afar Region
  • Proposed state: Islamic State of Afaria
  • Political party: Afar Liberation Front
• Gambela Region
  • Militant organization: Gambella Peoples Liberation Front
• Ogaden ( Somali Region)
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ogadenia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front, Western Somali Liberation Front, Ogaden Republican Army
  • Pressure group: Ogaden Youth Association
• Oromia Region
  • Proposed state: Republic of Oromia (also known as Oromia) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Militant organizations: Oromo Independence Movement, Oromo Liberation Front, Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia, Conference of Oromiya Peoples Liberation Front, Oromo Youth Revolutionary Movement (also known as Abiddaa)
  • Pressure group: The National Youth Movement for Freedom and Democracy (also known as Qeerroo)
• Tigray Region
  • Proposed state: Independent Republic of Tigray
  • Political party: Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front

• Sidama Zone
  • Proposed state: Republic of Sidama
  • Political party: Sidama Liberation Front

 France

• Réunion

Secessionist movements

• Political party: Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir.
• Political party: Marxist–Leninist Communist Organisation of Réunion

• Mayotte continues to have autonomist movements despite the island having voted to become France’s 101st department in 2011.^[18]

 Ivory Coast

• Northern Regions
  • Proposed state: Republic of Gimbabwe.
  • Pressure groups: Patriotic Movement of Côte d’Ivoire” (MPCI), Ivorian Popular Movement of the Great West (MPIGO), Movement for Justice and Peace (MJP)^[19]

 Kenya

• Mombasa
  • Proposed state: Mombasa Republic
  • Political party: Mombasa Republican Council^[20][21]

 Libya

Cyrenaica

• Ethnic group: Libyan
  • Proposed autonomous area: Semi-autonomous “State of Cyrenaica”
  • Political Groups: Movement for Federal Libya, National Union Party^{[disambiguation needed]}, Cyrenaica Youth Movement
  • Senior Leaders: Dr. Abubakr Buera, Mr.Faraj Kezza, Dr.Azza Huwati, Ms.Najat Obedi, Mr. Mohamed Buisir, Mr. Ahmad Sannusi, Ms.Sarah Ali
  • Youth Leaders: Fathi Agori, Enas AlJazwi, Muheddine Mansuri, Osama Buera, Essa Arabi, Zeid Erragas, Mohamed Ali, Mustafa Orefy, Mabrooka Najm

Toubouland

• Ethnic group: Toubou
  • Proposed state: Toubouland
  • Militant organization: Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya

 Mauritius

• Rodrigues Island

 Mali

Azawad

• Ethnic Groups: Tuareg, as well as Songhai, Fula^[23] and Arabs/Moors
  • Proposed state: Azawad
  • Political party: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
  • Militant organisations: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad

 Morocco

Western Sahara

• Ethnic group: Sahrawi
  • Proposed state: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  • De facto state: Free Zone
  • Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based in refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria
  • Political party: Polisario Front
  • Militant organisation: Sahrawi People’s Liberation Army
  • Status: Western Sahara War

Arrif

• Ethnic group: Riffian
  • Purposed state: Rif
  • Political party: RIM
  • Militant organisation(s) : RIM
• Rif Independence Movement – occurred in Morocco during the 1920s,^[24][25] and was revitalized in 2013.^[26] Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.^[26]

 Namibia

Caprivi

• Ethnic Group: Lozi
  • Proposed state: Free State of Caprivi Strip/Itenge^[27]
  • Political party: Caprivi African National Union
  • Militant organization: Caprivi Liberation Army^[28]

 Niger

Agadez

• Ethnic Group: Tuareg
  • Purposed state: Agadez
  • Militant organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara
  • Political parties: Taniminnak Tidot N Tenere, Tidot Union of Tenere
  • Proposed state: Akal N Tenere, Tenere Republic

 Nigeria

Biafra

• Ethnic group: Igbo
  • Proposed state: Republic of Biafra (defunct)
  • National Liberation Movement: Bilie Human Rights Initiative
  • Political party: Biafran Congress Party .BCP., Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra,
  • Separatist movements: The Indigenous People of Biafra, Biafra Zionist Movement
  • Government in exile: Biafran Government in exile^[29]
  • Radio News Broadcast: www.radiobiafra.co, www.peopleofbiafra.org, www.biafragalaxy.com

Arewa

• Ethnic group: Hausa
  • Proposed state: Arewa Republic
  • Political parties: Arewa People’s Congress, Boko Haram

Niger Delta

• Ethnic group Ijaw
  • Proposed state: Niger Delta Republic
  • Militant organization: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force

Ogoni

• Ethnic group: Ogoni
  • Political party: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People

Oduduwa

• Ethnic group: Yoruba
  • Proposed state: Oduduwa Republic of the Yorubas
  • Political party: Oodua Peoples Congress

Boko Haram islamists

• • Proposed state: Islamic caliphate
  • Terrorist group: Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram

 Rwanda

• Batwa (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
• Ethnic group: Twa
  • Proposed state: Batwaland
  • Political party: Association for the Promotion of Batwa

 Senegal

Casamance

• Ethnic group: Diola
  • Proposed state: Casamance
  • Militant organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance^[30]

 Somalia

 Somaliland

• Ethnic group: Somali
  • De facto state:  Somaliland
  • Political organisations: Government of Somaliland
  • Militant organization: Somaliland Armed Forces

 South Africa

Boere-Afrikaners nation’s

• Ethnic group: Boere-Afrikaners
  • Proposed state: Volkstaat,^[31] Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natalia, Stellaland^[32] (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political Party: Freedom Front Plus, Front Nasionaal
  • Pressure group: Orania Movement
  • Militant organization: Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, Boeremag

Cape Party

• • Proposed state: Cape Republic
  • Political Party: Cape Party

• Thembu people
  • Proposed state:Thembuland.^[33]

 South Sudan

Nuerland

• Ethnic Group: Nuer
  • Militant organization: Nuer White Army, SPLA-Nasir (1991 – 1994)
  • Status: Ongoing insurgency

 Sudan

Beja Nation

• Ethnic group: Beja
  • Militant organization: Beja Congress

Darfur

• Ethnic group: Fur, Zaghawe, Masalit
  • Purposed state: Darfur
  • Militant organization: Darfur Liberation Front
  • Status War in Darfur

Nubia

• Ethnic group: Nubian^[15][16]
  • Proposed state: Republic of Nubia

 Tanzania

Zanzibar

• Ethnic group: Swahili
  • Proposed state:  Zanzibar
  • Political party: Civic United Front (member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

 Uganda

Buganda

• Ethnic group: Ganda
  • Proposed state: Kingdom of Buganda
  • De facto autonomous area: Kingdom of Buganda
  • Youth movement: Buganda Youth Movement

 Zambia

Barotse

• Ethnic Group: Lozi
  • Proposed state: Barotseland
  • Militant organization: Barotse Patriotic Front^[34]

 Zimbabwe

Matabeleland

• Ethnic Group: Matabele
  • Proposed state: Matabeleland, Mthwakazi Free State
  • Militant organization: Mthwakazi Liberation Front (M.L.F.)^[35]
  • Political party: Matabeleland Freedom Party^[36]

List of active separatist movements in North America

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

Canada

Main article: Secessionist movements of Canada

British Columbia + Pacific Northwestern US

• • Proposed state: Cascadia
  • Pressure group: Cascadian Independence Movement

Quebec (Main article: Quebec sovereignty movement)

• Ethnic group: Québécois
  • Proposed state: Quebec
  • Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l’indépendance du Québec (RIQ),Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
  • Labour union: Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ), Union des artistes(UDA)
  • Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Parti indépendantiste, Option nationale

• Saskatchewan
• Ethnic group: Saskatchewanian Germans
  • Proposed state: Saskatchewan
  • Political party: Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan

Inuit Autonomist Movements:

• Nunavut, Nunavik, Nunatsiavut, NunatuKavut, and Inuvik Region

Danish territories

For other movements in Denmark, see List of active separatist movements in Europe.

Greenland is geographically part of North America, but has been politically connected with Europe for a long time.

Greenland

• Ethnic group: Inuit
  • Proposed state: Greenland
  • Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Forward and Inuit Party

Mexico

Zapatista (Chiapas)

• Ethnic group: Chiapas Mayas
  • De facto autonomous area: Zapatista
  • Political parties: Council of Good Government
  • Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation

(As result of the dialog between the government and the EZLN support base, 5 small and remote regions of the Mexican southernmost state of Chiapas have established semi-autonomous self-governance, ruled under indigenous traditional councils that coexist alongside the official Mexican government, these regions are called Councils of Good Government)

Honduras and Nicaragua

Mosquito

• Ethnic group: Miskito
  • Proposed state: Communitarian Nation of Moskitia

United States

U.S. States[edit]

Alaska

• Ethnic group: Alaska Natives, Americans (Alaskans)
  • Proposed state: Alaska
  • Political party: Alaskan Independence Party^[1]

Lakota Sioux (South Dakota and North Dakota)

• Ethnic group: Lakota
  • Proposed state: Republic of Lakotah
  • Pressure group(s): Lakotah Oyate

The South

• Racial group: White Americans from Southern United States
  • Proposed state: Confederate States of America or Southern United States
  • Pressure group(s): League of the South, Southern National Congress
  • See also: Neo-confederate movement

Texas

• Ethnic group: Americans (Texan)
  • Proposed state: Republic of Texas
  • Pressure group(s): Republic of Texas
  • See: Texas Secession Movement
  • Militant organization:The Republic of Texas

Vermont

• Regional group: Americans (Vermonter)
  • Proposed state: Vermont Republic
  • Political party: Vermont Independence Party^[2][3]
  • Pressure group(s): Second Vermont Republic

Cascadia (Washington + Oregon + the Canadian province of British Columbia)

• Regional group: Americans (Oregonians and Washingtonians) and Canadians (British Columbians)
  • Proposed state: Cascadia
  • Pressure group: Cascadia Independence Movement

United States Territories

 

Puerto Rico

• Ethnic group: Puerto Rican
  • Proposed state: Puerto Rico
  • Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)

• Pressure group: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Puerto Rican independence movement(MPI)
• Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros)

French Overseas Departments

Martinique

• Ethnic group: Martinican
  • Purposed autonomous area or state: Martinique
  • Political party: Martinican Progressive Party, Martinican Independence Movement

United Kingdom overseas territories

•  Anguilla
•  Bermuda
  • Political party: Progressive Labour Party
  • Advocacy group: Bermuda Independence Commission
•  Montserrat
  • Political parties: New People’s Liberation Movement
•  Turks and Caicos Islands
  • Political parties: Progressive National Party, People’s Democratic Movement

List of active separatist movements in Europe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map of active separatist movements in Europe. Red names indicate regions with movements that only claim greater autonomy within the actual state. Black names indicate regions with important secessionist movements, although both categories include moderate movements. The nations highlighted in colors are the territories claimed by the local nationalist groups, including areas out of the state’s borders and cases of annexation to other states (click to enlarge).

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy.

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members;
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations);
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group(s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed.

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Albania

Northern Epirus

• Ethnic group: Greeks in Albania
  • Political parties: Omonoia, Unity for Human Rights Party (seeks autonomous status or union with Greece)

Azerbaijan

• Lezgistan
  • Proposed state: Lezgistan^[7]
• Nagorno-Karabakh
  • De facto state:  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic^[8]
  • Government-in-exile:  Azerbaijan — Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh^[9]
• Talysh-Mughan
  • Proposed autonomous area: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic^[10] (comprises Astara District, Lankaran District, Lankaran (city), Lerik District, Masally District and Yardymli District)

Belgium

Further information: Partition of Belgium

 Brussels-Capital Region

• Ethnic group: Walloon,
  • Political parties (seeking a union with France): Rassemblement Bruxelles-France
• Ethnic group: Flemish
  • Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders): Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie(member of the European Free Alliance), and Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group

 Flemish Region or the Flemish Community (the latter includes Brussels)

• Ethnic group: Flemish
  • Proposed state:  Flanders (There is minority support to include  The Netherlands; see Greater Netherlands)
  • Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Flemish Interest
  • Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen

German-speaking Community of Belgium

• Ethnic group: German
  • Political parties: Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier (member of the European Free Alliance)

 Walloon Region

• Ethnic group: Walloon
  • Proposed state:  Wallonia or  France
  • Political parties: Walloon Rally, Wallonia France Rally

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Republika Srpska

• Ethnic group: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Republika Srpska or merging into  Serbia
    • Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party^[11]

 Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

• Ethnic group: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia or  Croatia
    • Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union

Croatia

Istria

• Ethnic group: Istrian Italians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Istria
  • Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum

Rijeka

• • Political party: List for Fiume (EFA member)^[12]
  • Proposed autonomous area: Fiume

Cyprus

Breakaway state:

 Northern Cyprus

• Ethnic group: Turkish Cypriot
  • De facto state with partial de jure recognition:  TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Czech Republic

 Moravia

• Ethnic group: Moravian
  • Political parties: Moravané (EFA member)^[13]

Czech Silesia

• Ethnic group: Silesian
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement (EFA member)^[14]

Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Bornholm

• Ethnic group: Danish
  • Proposed autonomous region: Bornholm
  • Political party: Bornholm’s Self-Government Party (Bornholms Selvstyre parti)

 Faroe Islands

• Ethnic group: Faroese
  • Proposed state:  Faroe Islands
    • Movement: Faroese independence movement
    • Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People’s Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party

Finland

 Åland

• Ethnic group: Åland Swedes
  • Proposed state:  Åland
    • Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)

Sápmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

France

Some of the claimed nations and/or regions – 1. Brittany, 2. France proper (excluding Wallonia), 3. Occitania, 4.Lorraine which is sometimes part of France proper, 5. Alsace, 6. Basque Country, 7. Catalonia and 8. Corsica.

Secessionist movements

• Basque Country
  Further information: Basque nationalism
  • Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Parti Nationaliste Basque.
  • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth Advocacy groups: Egi, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
  • Militant organisation: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA, Irrintzi
  • Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)^[18][19][20]
•  Brittany
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League
  • Political party: Adsav, Breton Party, Emgann
  • Militant organisation: Breton Revolutionary Army (ARB), Breton Liberation Front (FLB)
  • Proposed state: Brittany
• Northern Catalonia
  Further information: Catalan independence
  • Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (EFA member), Catalan Unity (EFA member), Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya
  • Proposed state: Països Catalans
•  Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
  • Political party: Corsica Libera
  • Militant organisation: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  • Proposed state:  Corsica
•  Savoy
  • Political party: Savoyan League
  • Proposed state: Savoy
•  Occitania
  • Proposed state: Federal Republic of Occitania
  • Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana

Gradual and eventual secession

•  Brittany
  • Political party: Breton Party

Autonomist movements

•  Alsace
  • Political party: Alsace d’Abord, Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land
•  Brittany
  • Political party: Union Démocratique Bretonne (EFA member),
•  Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
  • Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
  • Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
• County of Nice
  • Political party: Partit Nissart^[21]
•  Normandy
  • Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
  • Proposed region: Normandy (to merge the two regions of Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy opposed by Norman activists)^{[clarification needed]}.
•  Savoy
  • Political party: Savoy Region Movement
•  Occitania
  • Political party: Partit Occitan (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra

Georgia

Breakaway states:

Abkhazia

• Ethnic group: Abkhaz
  • De facto state with partial de jure recognition:  Republic of Abkhazia
  • Political organisation:Government of Abkhazia
  • Militant organization: Abkhazia Army

 South Ossetia

• Ethnic group: Ossetians
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition:Republic of South Ossetia
  • Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
  • Militant organization: South Ossetia Army

Proposed autonomous movements:

Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti

• Ethnic group: Armenians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk
  • Advocacy groups: Javakhk, United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, Virk^[22][23]

Borchali Azerbaijanis

• Ethnic group: Azerbaijanis
  • Proposed autonomous area: Borchali

Germany

Bavaria

• Ethnic group: Bavarians
  • Proposed state: Bavaria
  • Political party: Bavaria Party

East Frisia

• Ethnic group: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous area: East Frisia
  • Political party: Die Friesen

Franconia

• Ethnic group: Franconians
  • Proposed autonomous region: Franconia

Lusatia

• Ethnic group: Sorbs
• Proposed autonomous region: Lusatian
  • Political party: Lusatian Alliance

Schleswig-Holstein

• Ethnic group: Danish, Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous region: South Schleswig
  • Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation

Italy

Sardinia

• Status: autonomous region
• Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia or Socialist Republic of Sardinia
• Movement: Sardinian nationalism
• Political parties: Sardinia Nation, Sardinian Action Party, Independence Republic of Sardinia, Project Republic of Sardinia, To the Left for Independence, Sardinian National Liberation Movement

South Tyrol

• Status: autonomous province
• Proposed state: Free State of South Tyrol or  Austria
• Movement: South Tyrolean secessionist movement
• Political parties: Citizens’ Union for South Tyrol, Die Freiheitlichen, South Tyrolean Freedom (EFA member)^[25]
• Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (defunct)

Veneto

• Proposed state: Veneta Republic
• Movement: Venetian nationalism
• Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Veneto State, Venetian Independence, Venetian People’s Unity, Party for Independent Veneto
• Political organisations: Venetian Most Serene Government, Venetians Movement, Independentist Youth, Venetian National Liberation Movement

Kosovo

See: International recognition of Kosovo

North Kosovo

• Ethnic group: Serbian
  • Proposed states: Reunification with  Serbia
  • De facto autonomous area Northern Kosovo
  • Political organisation: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

Latvia

Latgale

• Ethnic group: Latgalians, Russian
  • Proposed autonomous region: Latgale
  • Political party: Linderman’s party “Par dzimto valodu”

 Moldova

Breakaway state:

 Transnistria

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition  Transnistria
  • Proposed state: Possible unification with  Russian Federation
  • Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
  • Militant organization: Army of Transnistria

Proposed independent and autonomous movements:

 Gagauzia

• Ethnic group: Gagauz
  • Proposed state:  Gagauzia
  • Political organisation: Gagauzian People Assembly should Moldova decided to unite with Romania, Gagauzia would have the right to self- determination.

Taraclia^[26]

• Ethnic group: Bulgarians
  • Proposed autonomous region: Taraclia

Netherlands

Frisia

• Ethnic group: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous region: Frisia
    • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
    • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland^[27]

Norway

 Sápmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

Kvenland

• Ethnic group: Kven
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kvenland
  • Advocacy groups: Norwegian Kven Organization

Poland

Upper Silesia

• Ethnic group: Silesian
  • Proposed State: Germany
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement^[14]

Kashubia

• Ethnic group: Kashubians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
  • An association of people: Kaszëbskô Jednota who want to actively participate in the life of the Kashubian nation and who recognize its right to cultural autonomy and self-identity within the multi-ethnic society.

Romania

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Romania

Székely Land, Transylvania, Banat, Partium

• Ethnic group: Hungarians (Szeklers)
  • Proposed autonomous region: Székely Land: Székely autonomy initiatives
  • Proposed autonomous regions: Transylvania, Partium, Dobruja, Banat
  • Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.^[31] Hungarian Civic Party (Romania), they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.^[32] Hungarian People’s Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Szekler autonomy in Szekely Land.^[33] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.^[34][35] Liga Transilvania-Banat, a regionalist party led by Sabin Gherman.^[36]
  • Advocacy organizations:

Szekler National Council,^[37] Hungarian National Council of Transylvania, Liga Pro Europa, a Romanian-Hungarian regionalist NGO.,^[36] Provincia, a group of intellectuals promoting regionalization of Romania,^[36] Autonomy for Transylvania (AFT) campaign, it demands autonomy for Transylvania.^[38] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), a regionalist NGO,^[39] an active supporter of the “Autonomy for Transylvania” campaign,^[40] League of Banat (Liga Banateana), a regionalist NGO.^[41][42]

Russia

Russia’s North Caucasus

See also: Insurgency in the North Caucasus

•  Chechnya
  • Militant organisation: Chechen separatists; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov, the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy,^[43] criticising Russian attempts to make a “North Caucasus” district^[43] and inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev.^[44]
  • Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–99)
•  Dagestan
•  Ingushetia
• Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia
  • Political party: Majlis Shoura
  • Militant organization: Caucasian Front
  • Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in 1917–19, North Caucasian Emirate in 1919–20and Ichkeria)
• Circassia
  • Movement: Circassian nationalism; Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
  • Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai)
• Karachay-Balkaria (Balkar and Karachay peoples)
  • Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia
  • Goals: Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the Karachay and Balkaria, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)
  • Proposed state: Karachay-Balkar Republic (includes south Kabardino-Balkaria and south Karachey-Cherkessia)
• Abazinia in central-north Karachay–Cherkessia
  • Proposed state: Abazin Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)
• Kumykia in north Dagestan
  • Movement: Tenglik (since 1989)
  • Proposed state: Kumyk Pepublic (proclaimed but non-recognized in 1991 as autonomy)

Russia’s other European regions[edit]

• Tatarstan
  • Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
  • Movement: Tatar Youth Union “Azatlyk”
  • Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
• Udmurtia
  • Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Chuvashia
  • Movement: Chuvash Youth Union
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Mari El
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Mordovia
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Bashkortostan
  • Movement: Bashkir social movement “Kuk bure”
  • Proposed state: Idel-Ural
• Komi Republic
  • Proposed state: Komi Republic
• Karelia
  • Proposed state: East Karelia or reunification with North Karelia and South Karelia and the formation of united Karelia or Finland
• Kalmykia
  • Proposed state: Kalmykia
• Ingria
  • Proposed state: Ingria (comprises Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast)^{[citation needed]}
• Voronezh Oblast, southern districts
  • Movement: pan-Ukrainian irredentism
• Rostov Oblast
  • Movement: Don Cossacks of Don Host Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Don Republic (proclaimed in 1918 and in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• Krasnodar Krai (Kuban)
  • Movement: Kuban Cossacks of Kuban Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Kuban People’s Republic (proclaimed in 1918), Kuban Republic (attempted to proclaim in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russiain Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• North Caucasus near Terek
  • Movement: Terek Cossacks of Terek Oblast autonomists
  • Proposed state: Upper Kuban Cossack Republic (proclaimed in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both)
• Prussia
  • Proposed state: Prussia (comprises Kaliningrad Oblast and Various Areas In Northern Poland)
  • Political parties Baltic Republican Party^[45]

Serbia

Vojvodina

• Ethnic group: Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
  • Proposed autonomous region: Vojvodina
  • Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Reformists of Vojvodina, Vojvodina’s Party

Sandžak

• Ethnic group: Bosniaks of Serbia
  • Proposed state: Sandžak
  • Advocacy groups: Islamic Community in Serbia^[46]

Preševo Valley

• Ethnic group: Albanians in south Serbia
  • Proposed state: Presevo Valley
  • Political parties: Democratic Progress Party^[47]

Breakaway state:

Republic of Kosovo

• Ethnic group: Albanians in Kosovo
  • De facto state with partial de jure international recognition
  • Political organisation: Government of Kosovo

Slovakia

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Slovakia

Autonomist movements:

• Political parties: Party of the Hungarian Community,^[48] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.^[49]
  • Goals: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.^[50]

Spain

See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain and Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain

Areas in Spain with separatist movements.

The disputed territory of Olivenza.

 Canary Islands (Main article: Canarian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Canarians
• Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
• Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo,
• Youth movement: Azarug
• Proposed state: Canary Islands (sometimes also Western Sahara and Tamazgha)

 Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Andalusian
• Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
• Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
• Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
• Proposed state: Andalusia

 Aragon

• Ethnic group: Aragonese
• Political party (nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista (EFA member)
• Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Puyalón de Cuchas
• Youth movement: Purna Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista * Trade Unions: SOA
• Other pro-independence organisations:A Enrestida, SEIRA
• Proposed state: Aragon

Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Asturian
• Political parties (regionalist/autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, URAS
• Political parties (nationalist/non secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Bloque por Asturies
• Political parties (nationalist/secessionist): Andecha Astur
• Youth movements: Darréu, UNA-Mocedá, Fai!
• Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA
• Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu
• Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturias
• Proposed flag: Asturina

Balearic Islands

• Political parties: Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista (in Majorca).

Basque Country (autonomous community) (Main article: Basque nationalism)

• Ethnic group Basque
• Political parties: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Amaiur, Aralar, Basque Nationalist Action,Batasuna (illegalised due to terrorism support)
• Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth Advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
  • Militant organisation: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ceasefire since 2011), Iraultza (disbanded), Comandos Autónomos Anticapitalistas (merged with ETA)
  • Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria

Cantabria

• Ethnic group: Cantabrian
• Political party: Cantabrian Nationalist Council
• Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
• Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra
• Proposed state: Cantabria
• Proposed flag: Lábaro

Catalonia (Catalan independence)

• Ethnic group Catalan

• Proposed state: Republic of Catalonia or Catalan Countries
• Political parties: Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya and Democratic Union of Catalonia 50/135 seats in the regional parliament, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya21/135 seats in the regional parliament, Initiative for Catalonia Greens 13/135 seats in the regional parliament, Candidatura d’Unitat Popular 3/135 seats in the regional parliament, Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Reagrupament 0/135 seats in the regional parliament, Estat Català 0/135 seats in the regional parliament.
• Civil Organization: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves
• Youth Advocacy groups: Arran, Joventuts d’Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves

 Castile

• Ethnic group Leonese
• Political parties (autonomist): Unión del Pueblo Leonés (Leonese Country), Tierra Comunera (Castile)
  • Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana (Castile)
• Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country), Yesca (Castile)
• Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés (Leonese Country)
• Proposed states: Castile, Leonese Country

Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism)

• Ethnic group: Galician
• Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party), Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Alternativa Galega de Esquedas (Galician Left Alternative)
• Youth Advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
• Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
• Proposed state: Galician Republic or Portugal

 Leonese Country (Main article: Leonesismo)

• Ethnic group Leonese
• Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés
• Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Leonese Country),
• Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés
• Proposed states: Leonese Country

 Territory of Olivenza (Olivença) (Main article: Disputed status of Olivenza)

• Ethnic group: Portuguese
• Militant organisation: Amigos de Olivença (Portuguese irredentist movement)
• Proposed state: to  Portugal

Sweden

Sapmi

• Ethnic group: Sami
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi^{[17][citation needed]}

Scania

• Ethnic group: Scanian
  • Proposed state: Scania
  • Political party: Scania Party

Switzerland

Geneva

• Regional group: Genevan
  • Proposed state: La République de Genève” or “Free State of Geneva”
    • Pressure Groups: Genevan politicians and activists.^{[citation needed]}

Jura

• Regional group: Jurassien
  • Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement),^[52] Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien(Jurassian Autonomist Movement),Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

Ticino

• • Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
  • Pressure groups: Domà Nunch

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan^[53]

• Ethnic group: Kurdish
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan
  • Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP)
  • Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)

Ukraine

Breakaway state:

Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak

Novorossiya

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De facto state: Federal State of Novorossiya: federation of Donetsk People’s Republic and Lugansk People’s Republic
    • Political parties: Donetsk Republic, Russian Block, Russian Unity, New Russia Party
    • Militant organization: Donbass People’s Militia

Disputed status:

 Republic of Crimea

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De-facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces

City of Sevastopol

• Ethnic group: Russian
  • De-facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces

Proposed autonomous regions:

 Crimea

• Ethnic group: Crimean Tatars
  • Proposed autonomous area: Crimea
    • Political organisation: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People

Subcarpathian Ruthenia

• Ethnic group: Hungarian, Rusyn^[54]
  • Proposed autonomous area: Transcarpathian Regional Confederation of the Hungarian and Rusyn People^[55]
    • Political parties: People’s Parliament Carpathian Rusyns, who demands autonomy of Ruthenia

United Kingdom and its dependencies

See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the Republic of Ireland (click to enlarge)

Constituent countries of the United Kingdom

See also: Home Nations

England

See also: Cornish nationalism, Constitutional status of Cornwall, Cornish Assembly, Devolved English parliament,English independence, English nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish nationalism

 Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

• Ethnic group: Cornish
  • Proposed state:  Cornwall (independence from the UK)
    • Advocates: Former members of the defunct Cornish Nationalist Party
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Cornwall (with a law-making assembly; many supporters want to change its status into a constituent country within the UK, separating from England)
    • Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales,^[56] Mebyon Kernow – Party for Cornwall (supports separation from England; EFA member), Liberal Democrats^[57][58]
    • Advocacy groups: Celtic League, Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn,Wessex Constitutional Convention

 England

• Ethnic group: English
  • Proposed state:  England
    • Political parties: English Radical Alliance, English Democrats
      • Advocacy groups: English National Liberation Association,^[62] EDL
  • Proposed autonomous area:  England
    • Political parties: English Democrats, UKIP^[63]
    • Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament, EDL

Ceremonial counties in Southern England^[64]

• Ethnic group: English
  • Proposed autonomous area: Wessex (adjusting the current boundaries of some regions of England without separation from England)
    • Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party
    • Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention

 Yorkshire (historical county)

• Regional group: Yorkshiremen
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Yorkshire^{[65][66][67][68]}
    • Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement^[69][70]
    • Political Parties: Yorkshire First

Northern Ireland

See also: Alternative names for Northern Ireland, History of Northern Ireland, Irish nationalism, Irish republicanism, Names of the Irish state, Repartition of Ireland, The Troubles,Ulster loyalism, Ulster nationalism and United Ireland

 Ulster

• Ethnic group: Ulster Scots
  • Proposed state: Ulster or  Scotland (independence only)
    • Militant organisations: Ulster Defence Association
    • Advocacy group: Ulster Third Way (defunct)

Reunification of Northern Ireland with Ireland

• Ethnic group: Irish
  • Proposed state: Ireland
    • Political parties: Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party
    • Militant organisations: Irish Republican Armies
    • Advocacy group: Celtic League, 32 County Sovereignty Movement

Scotland

See also: Devolution in Scotland, Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence and Scottish independence referendum 2014

 Scotland

• Ethnic group: Scottish
  • Proposed state:  Scotland
    • Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Communist Party of Scotland, Scottish Democratic Alliance,Solidarity
  • Advocacy groups: Yes Scotland, Celtic League

Northern Isles ( Orkney and  Shetland)

• Ethnic group (s): Shetland Islanders, Orkney Islanders
  • Proposed autonomous area or state:  Orkney and  Shetland (separately or jointly, not yet specified)
    • Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP (focusing Orkney), Tavish Scott MSP (focusing Shetland)^[71] and some members of the local councils^[72]
      • Note: Some local residents and politicians are considering becoming independent from Scotland with staying in the UK^[73][74] or becoming Crown Dependency/Overseas Territory.^[71][72]

Outer Hebrides (Western Isles)

• Proposed autonomous or state area: Outer Hebrides (or the Western Isles)^[72]

Wales

See also: Monmouthshire (historic) § Ambiguity over Welsh status, Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence

 Wales

• Ethnic group: Welsh
  • Proposed state:  Wales
    • Political parties: Plaid Cymru, Llais Gwynedd, Cymru Annibynnol
    • Advocacy groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League

Crown dependencies

Channel Islands[edit]

• Ethnic group: Channel Islanders
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Channel Islands^[75][76]

 Bailiwick of Guernsey (including  Alderney,  Sark and other smaller islands and rocks)

• • Proposed state:  Guernsey^[77]

 Bailiwick of Jersey (including smaller islands and rocks)

• • Proposed state:  Jersey^[78]

Isle of Man

• Ethnic group: Manx
• Proposed State:  Isle of Man
  • Political party: Mec Vannin
  • Advocacy group: Celtic League
• Proposed Autonomous Region:  Isle of Man (Constituent of the United Kingdom)
  • Political party: Liberal Vannin

Overseas Territories

For movements in other British Overseas Territories, see the List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Gibraltar

• Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
  • Proposed state:  Gibraltar (as independent state freely associated to the United Kingdom)^[79]
    • Political party: Progressive Democratic Party